【作者】 张旭；

【导师】 朱申红； 李秋义；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 固体废弃物是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质。随着生产的扩大,生活水平的提高,固体废物的成分日益复杂,排放量逐年增多,对土壤、水资源和大气环境已造成严重危害。利用固体废弃物开发建筑材料,不仅能够改善传统建材行业的高消耗状况,同时由于建材大量消耗固体废弃物,真正做到了固体废物处理的“减量化、无害化、资源化”原则。本文对利用多种固体废弃物制备新型砂浆进行了试验研究,主要涉及工业和城市固体废弃物,具体包括尾矿、石油焦脱硫灰渣、粉煤灰和建筑垃圾。其中,利用尾矿制备砂浆的试验研究结合了山东黄金集团“金矿尾矿制备新型建筑材料”研究课题,利用再生混凝土制备砂浆的试验研究结合了国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重点课题(2006BAJ02B0504)。主要研究内容包括:测试石油焦脱硫灰渣的基本性能,并利用其制备砂浆,研究砂浆的各项基本性能及不同强度等级砂浆与不同墙体材料组合的砌体结构性能;测试尾矿的颗粒级配、化学成分及矿物组成,并利用其制备砂浆,研究砂浆的各项性能;分别以石油焦脱硫灰渣和粉煤灰为胶凝材料,尾矿砂为骨料制备砂浆,研究不同体系砂浆的各项性能;分别利用废旧混凝土再生后制得的再生砂和再生微粉制备砂浆,研究再生砂浆的基本性能。研究结果表明:利用石油焦脱硫灰渣制备的砂浆完全不含水泥且收缩较小,经鉴定已达到国际领先水平;在胶砂比较大时,尾矿砂浆的各项性能与天然砂浆较为接近;尾矿砂浆需水量偏大,砂浆的收缩受胶凝材料配比影响较大,受胶砂比的影响并不明显;在砂浆中掺入适量粉煤灰可有效改善砂浆的和易性、提高强度并降低收缩;简单破碎再生砂浆用水量大,强度低,颗粒整形再生砂浆各项性能较之有明显提高,全组份整形再生砂浆性能最好,接近天然砂浆;再生微粉可作为掺合料取代水泥配制砂浆,在掺量不超过20%时有利于砂浆强度增长。利用各种固体废弃物可制备出M20~M5.0多种强度等级且符合要求的建筑砂浆。此类新型环保砂浆在节省天然资源的同时也消耗了大量废弃物,符合国家的环保和可持续发展战略要求,经济和社会效益显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid waste refers to solid or semi-solid waste materials that are produced during production or construction activities, daily life, or other activities, and which pollute the environment. The composition of solid waste is increasingly complex, and emissions are increasing year by year, and solid waste has done serious harm to the soil, water and atmospheric environment, with the expansion of production and improvement of living standards. To exploit construction materials with solid waste could not only improve the high consumption of the traditional building materials industry, but also really achieve the principle of the“reduce、recycle、reuse”of the disposal of solid waste, because a lot of solid wastes are consumed by building materials.This thesis is the study on making new type mortar with solid waste, and mainly related to industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste, which includes tailings, desulphurize ash and dregs from power plant used fuel oil (DADFO), fly ash and building waste, etc. The study on making mortar with tailings is based on the research project of“tailings make new type construction materials”with Shandong gold group. And the study on making mortar with recycled concrete is based on National“No.11 five years plan”technological supporting project (2006BAJ02B0504). The chief content includes: testing the basic performance of DADFO and making mortar with it, and researching the basic performance of the mortar and the performance of masonry structures of mortar with different strength grade and different wall materials combi- nations; testing the grain composition, chemical composition and mineral composition of tailings, and making mortar with it, and researching the basic performance of the mortar; making mortar with DADFO, fly ash and tailings, and researching the basic performance of the different mortar; making mortar with the recycled sand and recycled powder which are produced from abandoned concrete, and researching the basic per- formance of recycled mortar.The results show that: the mortar made with DADFO is out of cement and have low shrinkage ratio, which has achieved the international advanced level through authentication; the performance of tailings mortar is close to natural mortar, when c/s ratio is larger; tailings mortar is larger in demand for water, and shrinkage ratio of mortar is much influenced by cementitious material and little influenced by c/s ratio; fly ash is mixed into mortar, which could improve the workability and strength of mortar and reduce shrinkage ratio effectively; the simple crushing recycled mortar is larger in demand for water and lower in strength, and the basic performance of the particle shape correcting recycled mortar is better than the simple crushing recycled mortar, and the basic performance of the all components of particle shape correcting recycled mortar is the best and as same as natural mortar; recycled powder is capable to replace cement to make mortar and propitious for growth of mortar strength with the content lower than 20%.Building mortar made with all kinds of solid waste could reach M20~M5.0 different strength grade and meet the requirement. Such new type and environmental protection mortar can not only save natural resources, but also consume a lot of waste, and consistent with national strategic requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, and have notable economic and social benefit.更多还原