我国电视法制节目普法效果的制约因素及强化策略

【作者】 张春丽；

【导师】 季宗绍；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 新闻学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 当前,不论是纸质媒体,还是广播、电视及网络媒体,法制信息已经是不可或缺的一部分。法制信息新奇性、重大性和贴近性的内容特点,加之电视媒体传播速度快、受众范围广、声画兼具的传播优势,使电视法制节目成为了我国电视观众最为熟悉与喜欢的节目类型之一,撑起社教类电视节目的“半壁江山”。我国电视法制节目独具中国特色,是伴随着我国普法教育工作的展开而出现的。从1985年我国第一档法制节目诞生到现在,我国电视法制节目在普法道路上发挥了巨大功能,取得了显著成效。当然,其普法效果也会不可避免地受到诸多因素的制约,本文的目的正是找出这些因素并提出对策。电视法制节目达到普法目的、形成普法效果,是一个完整的传播过程：由法制节目工作者制作出包含法制信息的节目,这些信息借助电视媒介传递给受众并被受众接受。在这个过程中,作为起点的节目至关重要,它不仅直接决定着受众对节目的收视情况,进而影响节目在普法方面的广度和力度,而且节目内容的好坏也直接关系到受众对法律知识的掌握程度。当前,我国电视法制节目在内容制作上存在着重叙事而轻法理、重刑事而轻民事、忽视普法重点对象、角色立场偏差、法理解析艰涩等未能全面体现普法目的的问题。出现这些问题的原因有两个：一是节目盲目追求眼球效应而偏离了普法定位；二是节目制作者缺乏必要的专业及法律素养。受众是另外一个重要因素。法制节目传递的法制信息和理念只有最终为受众所接受并带来其法律素养的提升,才是法制节目形成普法效果的标志。而受众收看法制节目、吸收法律知识、形成法制理念涉及背后一系列复杂的心理因素。受众自我定位、收视习惯、认知结构等方面的偏失或差异,往往使得法制节目所传递的法律知识和法制精神无法被受众正确全面掌握,进而减弱了法制节目的普法效果。此外,笔者认为,电视法制节目传递法制信息、受众接受法制信息这样一个传受过程,始终都是在一定的传播环境中进行的。这些环境既包括政治、经济环境,也包括法律和文化环境。这些也会在一定程度上导致我国法制节目的普法效果无法达到最大化。因此,笔者在本论文中将从节目、受众及传播环境三个方面来查找影响我国法制节目普法效果的因素,并在分析这些因素的基础上提出相应对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, whether paper media, or radio, television and internet media, legal information is an indispensible part. The legal information is fresh, important and close to people’s lives. The television media spreads fast, has a lot of audience and both with sound and pictures in the communication. All these advantages make the TV legal program became one of the most familiar and popular type. Now, the legal program accounted for half of the social education TV program in our country.The TV legal program in China has Chinese characteristics. It appeared with the expansion of legal education. Since 1985, the first one of our courtry was born to the present, TV legal program has played a great role in the legal education and has achieved remarkable results. However, Many factors will restrict it’s effect. The purpose of this paper is to find out these factors and propose some countermeasures.For the TV legal program, to achieve the effect of popularizing legal knowledge to people will be a complete communication process. The workers firstly produce the legal program,then the legal information which included in the program reach to the audience by the TV and be accepted by the audience. In this process, the content of the program as the beginning is critical. It determines the reception of the legal program, and then affects the breadth and intensity of the program in it’s function of popularizing legal knowledge. Moreover, the quality of the program also related to that how much the audience access to the legal knowledge. Now, there are many problems in the TV legal programs in our country such as emphasize on narrative and neglect to explain the legal knowledge, emphasize on criminal cases and ignore the civil cases, ignore the focus objects, the role of the program is inaccurate and the explanation of legal knowledge is incomprehensible. All these problems made the legal programs can not achieve the desired results. Two reasons can be attributed to. The first one is the TV legal programs pursue the economic benefits and deviate from the mission of popularizing legal knowledge. The other reason is the workers of the TV legal programs lack of the professionalism and the legal literacy.The audience of the TV legal program is another important factor. How we can say the TV legal program achieve the effect of popularizing legal knowledge? The answer is that the legal knowledge and ideas were accepted by the audience and made their legal quality improved. But this process involves a series of complex factors. Such as the audience’s self-positioning, watching habits and cognitive structure. Thees factors always make the legal knowledge and ideas can not be accepted correctly by the audience, and the program’s effect of popularizing legal knowledge would be weaken.In addition, the process that the legal programs supply legal information and the audience accept the information always occurred in a specific environment,both the political, economic environment and the legal, cultural environment. Above these external environment will lead the legal program can not have the maximum effect in the duty of popularizing legal knowledge.Therefore, writer will analyze the factors which restrict the legal program’s work of popularizing legal knowledge from the program itself, the audience and the external environment. On the basis, countermeasures will be given.更多还原