【作者】 钟声；

【导师】 周方珠；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【副题名】以《柳林风声》的两个中译本为例

【摘要】 《柳林风声》是英国著名作家格雷厄姆的成名之作,近二十年国内关于这部童话作品的译本不下二十余种,然而,随着时间的推移,许多不合时宜的译本渐渐退出了市场,唯有任溶溶和杨静远的译本在历经二十年之后仍处于无法超越的地位,这种现象值得深思。然而,传统的儿童文学翻译研究在阐释优秀译本的过程中大都着眼于译者的翻译策略和翻译方法的选择,而忽视了对该选择背后的原因的研究,使得研究缺乏依据,主观性太强。2008年,胡庚申教授提出的翻译适应选择论从生态学的角度剖析了翻译的过程,将译者策略选择的原因归结为译者适应翻译生态环境的要求和翻译生态环境指导译者做出选择两方面。该理论认为,翻译活动和所有其他的自然界的活动一样,都需要适应自然,在翻译过程中,所谓的“自然”指的是所有可以制约译者翻译活动的因素,统称为“翻译生态环境”,它包括源语,目的语,原文,读者,出版商,投资商,社会历史环境等一系列相关因素。该理论认为译者对于目的语文本的选择是以自身对多种生态环境的适应为基础的,如果在翻译的过程中,译者不能充分适应多种生态环境的要求,其所做出的选择也会被自然淘汰。在该理论基础上形成的生态翻译学着眼于宏观研究,致力于研究整个翻译过程的发生,翻译策略的选择和翻译方法的运用。它引导研究者从整个翻译过程的角度来看待翻译作品的优劣,优秀的译本必然是适应翻译生态坏境的译本,而被社会和历史淘汰的译本便是不适应翻译生态环境的译本。本文研究的主题是探讨任溶溶和杨静远的《柳林风声》译本在自然竞争中胜出的原因,论证生态翻译学的观点在儿童文学的翻译过程中的解释力。本文以生态翻译学中适应和选择理论为理论框架,以收集、归纳、总结译者多方面信息以及对比研究的两个中文译本为研究方法,得出的结论是：优秀的译本必然是符合生态翻译的译本。本文首先对生态翻译进行了系统的阐释,解释了生态翻译可以应用到儿童文学翻译的理论依据。本文认为,由译者自身的素质,儿童文学的题材,目标读者,以及译者所处时代的意识形态所构成的翻译生态环境影响译者对生态环境的适应,而译者适应与否又直接影响到译者对于目标文本的选择,故此,作者分两步对翻译过程进行讨论。然后通过对译者材料的收集和两个文本的对比分析,本文从以下两方面展开讨论。在适应阶段,译者需要适应多种翻译生态环境的要求。作者创造性的将翻译生态环境分为内部生态环境和外部生态环境,前者包括译者的翻译动机,对儿童文学的理解和兴趣,双语能力,跨文化交际的能力等自身因素；后者包括原文的风格,目标读者的特殊性和社会意识形态对译者的宏观影响。在这一阶段,外部生态环境是存在变化发展的,译者重点是要使自己适应变化的外部生态环境。在选择阶段,译者为了使自己的译本能够适应多种翻译生态环境的要求,必须选择适当的翻译策略和翻译方法。译者不仅要考虑原文的风格和儿童读者的需求,还要考虑译者所处的社会环境对翻译策略的影响。通过例证分析法,作者证明了以归化为主,异化为辅的翻译策略能够有效的满足多方面翻译生态环境的要求,达到译文在语言层面,文化层面和交际层面的多维度转换,形成经典译本。通过研究论证,本文认为：第一,任溶溶和杨静远的译本不仅适应了译者所处时代的翻译生态环境,也符合当今社会翻译生态环境的要求；第二,儿童文学的翻译研究可以从宏观的角度进行分析,优秀的儿童文学译本必定是译者进行先适应后选择的翻译过程的产物；第三,生态翻译学对于儿童文学的解释力是毋庸置疑的,基于“生态学”这一元科学的翻译理论在某种程度上也适用于其它文本的宏观分析,故此,为翻译研究拓展了新视野。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fairy tale Wind in the Willows by Grahame.K has been translated into twenty different versions at least since it was firstly introduced into China, of which some poor and unfavorable versions have been dying away gradually as time goes by, whereas the versions by Ren Rongrong and Yang Jingyuan stand the test of time, becoming so popular among readers that no other translations can surpass them, thus the phenomenon is worth considering.Traditional researches about good translation versions usually focus on the choice of translational strategies and methods instead of paying attention to the reasons for such choices, which is prone to the subjectivity of the research results. In 2008. the theory of translation as adaptation and selection proposed by Prof. Hu Gengshen dissects the translation process from the perspective of ecology, attributing the adoption of translational strategies to two reasons, one is the translators’ adaptation to the demand of translational eco-environment, and the other is the translators’ adaptive selection according to the requirement of translational eco-environment. The theory deems that the translation activity, like all the other activities in the nature world, should adapt itself to "nature", which hereby refers to every element affecting translation and is defined as the "translational eco-environment" composed of the source language, target language, source language text (SLT), target reader, the publisher, the investor, the social environment of the translator’s time and so on. The theory also holds the opinion that the translator’s choice of the target language text (TLT) is based on his or her adaptation to the various translational eco-environment, if the translator cannot well adapt himself or herself to the translational eco-environment, the TLT that he or she chooses will be doomed from the start. On the basis of this theory. the eco-translatology forms its own approach to researching translation by studying the translation process, translation strategies and methods adopted by translators in the course of translation from macroscopic angle. The eco-translatology guides researchers to evaluating the quality of the translated versions from their translation processes in which the good versions result from the translator’s outstanding adaptation to translational eco-environment while the poor ones are due to his or her bad adaptation.The research subjects of the thesis are to probe into the reasons for the popularity of Ren and Yang’s versions and demonstrate the explanatory force of eco-translatology in TCL (translation of children’s literature). Based on the theoretical framework of eco-translatology, the thesis takes the approach of collecting information about the translators and comparative studies on the two translated versions, aiming to certify that the good versions will be those that are guided by eco-translatology.First, the thesis illustrates eco-translatology systematically in order to prove that this theory can be applied to the analysis of TCL. because the translational eco-environment composed of the translators" qualification, the style of SLT. the target readers, and the ideology of the translators" time greatly affects the translator’s adaptation, according to which, the choice of the TLT will be directly influenced, thus the author feels it is reasonable to halve the translation process into two steps in later discussion.Then the author analyzes the translation process step by step through the information collection and comparative studies. In the step of adaptation, the translator needs to adapt himself or herself to various kinds of translational eco-environment, which is creatively divided into the inner translational eco-environment and the outer translational eco-environment by the author. The former refers to all the factors relevant to the translators themselves, including the motivation of translation, the interest in and the understanding of the CL (children’s literature), the translator’s bilingual competence and ability of intercultural communication, the latter contains the style of SLT, the particularity of children and the social ideology of the translator’s time. In this step, the outer translational eco-environment is under change all the time, the key point is to make sure that the translator can adapt himself or herself to the changing outer translational eco-environment. In the step of selection, the translator will select proper translation strategies and translation methods in order to adapt his or her version to the translational eco-environment. The translator should not only take the style of SLT and the need of children into account, but also consider the impact of social environment on the choice of translation strategy. Through the illustration of examples, the author proves that the translation strategy of taking the domestication as focus and foreignization as supplement can effectively meet the demands of translational eco-environment and successfully realize the transformation in linguistic dimension, cultural dimension and the dimension of communication as well.On the basis of the analysis and illustration. the author of the thesis believes that: first, the versions of Ren and Yang’s meet the demands of translation eco-environment in their time as well as nowadays; second. the TCL can be studied from the angle of macroscopic view, the excellent versions of TCL will be the yield of practicing of eco-translatology; third, there is no doubt that the TCL can be explained by eco-translatology, by which the translations of many other types of writings can also be explained in the author’s opinion. thus it provides a new perspective for translation study in the future.更多还原