【作者】 王岩；

【导师】 胡仰栋；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 应用化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源的紧张、资源的短缺和环境污染的日益严重,环保已成为全球性的问题。在工业生产过程中产生了大量有机废液,直接排放不仅浪费资源、污染环境还对人类的健康造成威胁。为保护环境和人类的生存不受影响,并能回收有用物质,进行资源合理利用,有必要对有机废液的回收再利用问题进行相关研究,在产生环保效益的同时又具有一定经济效益和社会效益。本文根据所选的两种典型有机废液中杂质的性质、存在状态等因素筛选出了几种表征杂质的方法并对它们进行了具体实验验证,结果表明膜过滤法表征固形物含量,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法表征杂质的离子浓度,目视比色法与紫外-可见分光光度法表征色素浓度均适用于两种有机废液中杂质的表征。本文对硅切割液中固体杂质的去除采用了超滤膜处理的方法,通过实验选择了孔径为0.01μm、截留分子量为100000Da的PVC中空纤维超滤膜,考察了操作温度及跨膜压差对膜通量的影响,发现温度为40℃、跨膜压差为0.10MPa的操作条件下,膜的稳态通量可达到7.62 L·m^-2·h^-1。超滤后用ICP-AES法测得Ca、Mg、Fe、Si四种主要的杂质元素含量与超滤前对比均有很大程度的降低,说明超滤法再生硅切割液,固体杂质去除率较高。对超滤后硅切割液仍显黄绿色的问题,采用了脱色处理的方法,探讨了影响脱色率的几个因素,并确定了最佳工艺条件:活性炭用量为10%,吸附时间为8h,溶液pH为6,操作温度为20℃,脱色率达到82.4%;后经1‰的氧化剂H2O2进一步氧化,脱色率提升至90%。切割液废液经超滤与脱色处理后的产品颜色与固含量基本达到了新液的标准。废润滑油的再生采用絮凝-白土精制的方法,从众多絮凝剂中筛选出一种对废润滑油絮凝沉降,经絮凝后的润滑油采用活性白土脱色精制的处理,讨论了影响白土精制的四个因素,并由正交实验获得了最佳精制条件,即白土用量为10%,精制温度为120℃,搅拌时间为25min,沉淀温度为80℃,废油经絮凝-白土精制后能够达到较好的再生效果。针对脱色精制后废活性炭和废白土的处理问题,本文建立了废料多级逆流处理的数学模型,使用该模型计算出废活性炭中吸附的硅切割液多级处理的级数、溶剂用量、切割液回收率三者之间的关系,并可利用三者的关系找出最优处理方案,为有机废料多级逆流处理工艺的具体实施提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the tension of energy, the shortage of natural resource, and the severity of environment pollution, environmental protection has become a global problem. The production processes generate a lot of organic waste liquids, these discharged liquids not only waste resources and contaminate the environment, but also pose a threat to the health of human. In order to protect the environment and human survival from being effected, and recycle the useful substances for using resources rationally. It is necessary to do some related research on the recovery of organic waste liquids. It can produce environment benefits as well as economic and social benefits.According to the factor of property and existence of impurities in the selected two typical organic waste liquids, it screen out several methods of impurities characterization and do some experimental testing. The results show that membrane filter method to characterize solid content, ICP-AES method to characterize ion concentration of impurities, visual colorimetry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry method to characterize pigment concentration are all feasible.In order to wipe off the solid impurities,ultrafiltration membrane method has been proposed as an alternative to recover the cutting fluid. Membrane pore size 0.01μm, molecular weight cut-off 100000Da, PVC material hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane which was made of PVC material is selected through experiments. The efforts of temperature and trans-membrane pressure on the permeation flux have been researched. Under the operation condition, the temperature of 40℃, trans-membrane pressure of 0.1MPa, the steady permeation flux of 7.62 L·m^-2·h^-1. After ultrafiltration and measured by ICP-AES method, the ion concentration of the four major impurities Ca、Mg、Fe、Si are reduced a lot compare with the former. Indicating that regeneration cutting fluid by ultrafiltration membrane, solid impurities can get high strainaway rate.Facing the problem of cutting fluid with yellow color after ultrafiltration, it uses the method of decoloration. A number of factors which affect the decolorization rate have been discussed. The optional decolorization condition was obtained. It is: activated carbon content of 10%, temperature of 20℃, time of 8h, the solution pH of 6, decolorization rate is 82.4%, it can reach to 90% after adding 1‰of the oxidant H2O2. After treating by ultrafiltration and decoloration, the color and the contents of solid impurities of cutting fluid can reach the standard of a new one.It uses the method of flocculate-activated clay process to recover the waste lubricating oil. A flocculant is seclected from a large number of flocculants. After flocculating, waste lubricating oil through activated-clay refine, the four factors which effect the result of refine have been discussed, Finally, the optimum conditions are obtained through orthogonal test. It is: the argil recruitment is 10%, the argil contact reaction temperature is 120℃, the stirs time is 25min, and the constant temperature subsidence temperature is 80℃. The optimun regeneration results are obtained.To the question of how to deal with waste activated carbon and activated clay after decolorization and refinement. A mathematical model of multistage countercurrent extracting process has been established. Make use of the model to calculate the relationship among the number of stage, the amounts of solvent, recovery rate of cutting fluid which existed in the waste activated carbon. The optimum method is finded, which provide theoretical basics for extracting the organic waste by multistage countercurrent method.更多还原