【作者】 赵旭；

【导师】 张学本；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 19世纪,以英国为代表的西方资本主义国家进入了经济“大萧条”阶段。过去被各国所信奉的自由放任的市场经济政策逐渐失去了影响力。社会现实的转变呼唤着一种新的普适理论,尤其是国家理论的出现。鲍桑葵的国家理论正是在这一时期提出来的。鲍桑葵(Bernard Bosanquet,1848-1923)是英国新黑格尔主义的代表人物之一。主要著作有《国家的哲学理论》(1899)和《美学史》(1892)等。鲍桑葵在政治上反对自由派思想家的国家理论。他认为国家本身是公共意志的体现,它的最终目的如同它的成员的最终目的一样,是排除实现普遍幸福的障碍,以求得最美好的生活。国家之采取强制措施正是出于这种目的,因此公民对国家应当服从。国家的地位居于社会之上,而作为国家的行动则是社会成员公共意志的体现。鲍桑葵继承了古希腊城邦思想和德国黑格尔的国家学说,提出了自己的一套国家理论。他力图用黑格尔的国家哲学来补充发展英国古典自由主义,使后者能够适应时代的变化。鲍桑葵的国家理论坚持社会有机体论,反对英国传统的机械主义国家观,在对国家和个人关系上做出了有益的探索。但是鲍桑葵的国家理论也有其内在缺陷,与他同时代的以及后世的学者认为他的国家理论与英国自由主义的联姻是不成功的,并且有导致国家极权主义之嫌。鲍桑葵的国家理论满足了19世纪的社会需要,在国家对社会进行干预这个问题上进行了深入探索,在今天看来仍然具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 19th century, the United Kingdom as the representative of Western capitalist countries entered the economy, "Great Depression"stage. Believe in the countries used to be laissez-faire economic policies, the market began to lose influence. Changing social reality calls for a new kind of universal theory, especially the emergence of state theory. Bosanquet’s theory of the state is put forward in this period.Bosanquet(Bernard Bosanquet ,1848-1923)is a British neo-Hegelianism of representatives. His major works include "national philosophy"(1899) and "History of Aesthetics"(1892) and so on. Bosanquet political opposition to the liberal thinkers of the state. He believes that the State itself is the embodiment of public will, as its ultimate goal of its members as the ultimate goal is to eliminate obstacles to the achievement of universal happiness, in order to achieve the best life. Countries is subject to compulsory measures such purposes, so citizens should obey the country. The dominance of state over society, and as the country’s action is a manifestation of the will of members of the community public.Bosanquet inherited the ancient Greek thought and Hegel’s theory of the state of Germany proposed its own set of the state. He tried to use Hegel’s philosophy to complement the development of the national British classical liberalism, so that the latter can adapt to changing times. Bosanquet’s theory of the state adhere to the social organism theory, mechanistic view of the state against the British in the relationship between the state and the individual made a useful exploration. But Bosanquet’s theory of the state also has its inherent flaws, and his contemporaries and later generations of scholars believe that the theory of the state of his marriage with the British liberalism is not successful, and it has led to countries suspected of totalitarianism.Bosanquet’s theory of the state to meet the social needs of the 19th century, the state community to intervene in this matter has effectively explored, in today still appears to have very important theoretical and practical significance.更多还原