【作者】 陈冲；

【导师】 石雪晖；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验是在避雨栽培条件下,采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,对两种架式红宝石无核和红地球两个葡萄品种的光合特性进行了研究。主要测定了净光合速率对光照强度和CO2浓度的响应曲线,净光合速率日变化以及相关生理生态因子的日变化。通过分析比较两种架式对葡萄叶片光合作用的影响,旨在探明这两种葡萄光合特性的变化规律及找出最合适的葡萄架式,为实际生产提供理论依据。具体研究结果如下：1、红宝石无核和红地球葡萄净光合速率(Pn)的日变化晴天条件下,两个葡萄品种叶片净光合速率(Pn)的日变化规律为双峰曲线,光合“午休”现象明显。第一个高峰出现在上午10点左右,次峰出现在下午16点左右,且次峰值低于首峰值。午间净光合速率降低主要是受气孔因素影响。2、红宝石无核和红地球葡萄叶片光合作用对光的响应曲线两个葡萄品种的叶片Pn对光照强度(PAR)的响应曲线都为二次函数关系。T形篱架和V形篱架红宝石无核葡萄光饱和点(LSP)分别为1314.29～1450.00μmol·m-2·s-1、1421.43～1525.00μmol·m-2s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为13.40-41.33μmol·m-2·s-1、38.12～58.85μmol·m-2·s-1；表观量子效率(AQY)分别为0.0285-0.0412 mol·m-2·s-1、0.0369～0.0437μmol·m-2·s-1。T形篱架和V形篱架红地球葡萄光饱和点(LSP)分别为1466.67～1491.67μmol·m-2·s-1、1335.71～1387.50μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为17.75～56.89μmol·m-2·s-1、24.64～60.76μmol·m-2·s-1；表观量子效率(AQY)分别为0.0323～0.0378mol·m-2·s-1、0.0329～0.0443mol·m-2·s-1。与T形篱架葡萄相比,V形篱架红宝石无核葡萄,具有相对较低的LCP和较高的LSP,说明其对光的利用范围较宽。V形篱架红宝石无核葡萄在光饱和时具有较高的Pn和AQY,其光合作用制造有机物的能力强于T形篱架。与T形篱架相比,V形篱架红地球葡萄叶片具有较高的AQY,其光合作用制造有机物的能力强于T形篱架红地球叶片。3、红宝石无核和红地球葡萄叶片光合作用对CO2浓度的响应曲线两个葡萄品种的叶片Pn对CO2的响应曲线也均为二次函数关系。T形篱架和V形篱架红宝石无核葡萄CO2饱和点(CSP)分别为992.50～1082.50μmol·mol-1、1025.00～1192.50μmol·mol-1；C02补偿点(CCP)分别为46.38～67.36μmol·mol-1、42.85～57.69μmol·mol-1；羧化效率分别为0.0358～0.0420mol·m-2·s-1、0.0323～0.0462mol·m-2·s-1.T形篱架和V形篱架红地球葡萄C02饱和点(CSP)分别为965.00～1100.00μmol·mol-1、1035.00～1230.00μmol·mol-1；CO2补偿点(CCP)分别为47.12～71.85μmol·mol-1、44.56～66.79μmol·mol-1；羧化效率分别为0.0311-0.0386mol·m-2·s-1.0.0344～0.0468mol·m-2·s-1。与T形篱架相比,V形篱架红宝石无核和红地球葡萄,具有较低的CCP和较高的CSP以及较高的CE,其对C02的利用范围较宽,同化CO2的能力较强。4、两种架式葡萄叶片光合特性比较通过对两种架式葡萄光合特性的研究,初步分析认为,V形篱架的光合效率优于T形篱架。更多还原

【Abstract】 The photosynthetic characteristics of two grape frame system with Ruby Seedless and Red Globe were studied with LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system in protected cultivation. This test measured net photosynthetic rate and the daily variation of ecological factor. Responsive characteristics of Pn to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and CO2 concentration were also systematically studied. In order to investigate the change law of photosynthetic characteristics and find out the better frame system, the test compared the effect of photosynthesis in two kinds of frame system.The main results were as follows:1. The diurnal variation of Pn of Ruby Seedless and Red GlobeThe diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rates (Pn) of two kinds of grape presented a double-peak curve with a lower value of the second peak. The first peak occurred about 10:00 am, the second one occurred about 16:00 pm, decreased at noon, the first peak more than the second peak. It was indicated that the photosynthesis decline during midday time was principally influenced by stomatal conductance limitation.2. Response curve of Pn to PAR level of Ruby Seedless and Red GlobeThe PAR response curve followed a quadratic function in grape. Ruby Seedless in "T" and "V" type frame, light saturation points (LSP) at 1314.29-1450.00 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 1421.43-1525.00 (μmol·m-2·s-1), light compensation points(LCP) at 13.40-41.33 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 38.12-58.85 (μmol·m-2·s-1); appearance quantum yield (AQY) at 0.0285-0.0412 (mol·m-2s·-1) and 0.0369-0.0437(mol·m-2·s-1). Red Globe in "T" and "V" type frame, light saturation points (LSP) at 1466.67-1491.67 (μmol·m-2s·-1) and 1335.71-1387.50 (μmol·m-2·s-1), light compensation points (LCP) at 17.75-56.89 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 24.64-60.76 (μmol·m-2·s-1); appearance quantum yield (AQY) at 0.0323-0.0378 (mol·m-2·s-1) and 0.0329-0.0443 (mol-m-2·s-1). Compared with "T" type frame, the leaves of Ruby Seedless in "V" type frame had lower LCP and higher LSP, which suggests that the leaves Ruby Seedless have much better efficiency of light utilization, and when the LSP was reached in the grape leaves, the higher P max and AQY means that the leaves have stronger capacity of making photosynthate. Compared with "T" type frame, the leaves of Red Globe in "V" type frame had higher AQY, which suggests that the leaves have stronger capacity of making photosynthate.3. Response curve of Pn to CO2 level of Ruby Seedless and Red GlobeResponse curve of CO2 was a quadratic equation in grape. Ruby Seedless in "T" and "V" type frame, CO2 saturation points (CSP) at 992.50-1082.50 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 1025.00-1192.50(μmol·m-2·s-1); CO2 compensation points (CCP) at 46.38-67.36 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 42.85-57.69 (μmol·m-2·s-1); carboxylation efficiency (CE) at 0.0358-0.0420 (mol·m-2·s-1) and 0.0323-0.0462 (mol·m-2·s-1). Red Globe in "T" and "V" type frame, light saturation points (LSP) at 965.00-1100.00(μmol·m-2·s-1) and 1035.00-1230.00 (μmol·m-2·s-1); compensation points (CCP) at 47.12-71.85 (μmol·m-2·s-1) and 44.56-66.79 (μmol·m-2·s-1); carboxylation efficiency (CE) at 0.0311-0.0386 (mol·m-2·s-1) and 0.0344-0.0468 (mol·m-2·s-1). Compared with "T" type frame, the leaves of Ruby Seedless and Red Globe in "V" type frame had lower CCP, higher CSP and CE, which indicates that the leaves Ruby Seedless and Red Globe have higher CO2 utilization ratio than that in "T" type frame.4. Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of grape in two types frameThe comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of grape in two types frame shows "V" type frame’s photosynthetic efficiency is better than "T" type frame’s.更多还原