【作者】 王丽萍；

【导师】 张艳杰；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 我国沙漠广袤千里,横跨多个自然地带,主要分布于内陆盆地和高原之中。区内冷热巨变,干旱少雨,降水少而集中,变化大,风沙活动频繁,自然条件复杂多变,生态环境严酷,生态系统脆弱,极易遭到破坏。风积沙地貌极为发育,对公路建设的影响大。本文通过分析沙漠地区公路建设产生的生态问题及该环境对公路建设的影响,从环境保护和工程安全的角度,对公路建设生态恢复技术展开了深入的研究。大规模公路建设给沙漠地区生态环境带来了许多不利影响,主要表现为改变沿线微观地形地貌,破坏地表保护层和土壤结构,加剧水土流失,污染土壤和水质,改变地下水位,破坏自然景观等,这些影响都不同程度地促使公路沿线生态环境的更加恶化。于此同时,沙漠地区恶劣的自然环境条件也给公路建设造成了诸多不利。频繁的风沙天气,不仅影响工程进度,而且对工程人员的健康和机械的正常工作构成了严重威胁。在风沙或暴雨环境中,用松散无粘聚性风积沙修筑的公路容易遭到风蚀、沙埋或水毁,给公路结构和交通运输的安全埋下了隐患。公路建设生态恢复的难度,源于施工扰动的程度,因此,为减轻后期公路生态恢复的压力,在设计和施工中必须注重环境保护。根据施工扰动形式的不同,扰动区分为工程结构物主体区、取土场、弃土场和施工便道等临时场地,各区对生态恢复的具体要求各有不同。本文结合沙漠地区特殊环境条件和各区的受扰动特点,基于生态学、风沙物理学、景观美学及生物护坡原理,提出了适合于沙漠地区公路建设各扰动区的生态恢复措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s desert is Vast across several natural areas and mainly distributed in the inland basins and plateaus, which is characterized by violent change between cold and heat, less but con-centrative precipitation and great variability, frequent winds and severe sandstorms, complex natural conditions, harsh environment, fragile and easily destroyed ecosystems. Aeolian landforms are well developed, which is a big impact on highway construction. By analyzing the adverse effects between the highway construction and the ecological environment in desert, the ecological restoration technologies applied in highway construction are studied deeply in the environmental protection and engineering safety.Large-scale highway construction to the desert environment has brought many negative effects, Mainly as Changing the micro-topography,destructing the surface protection layer and Soil structure, increasing the soil and water loss,contaminating the soil and water,altering groundwater level, destroying the nature landscape and so on. These adverse effects have made ecological environment along the highway aggravated in varying degrees. At the same time, the harsh desert environment also makes many negative impacts on highway construction. Frequent sandstorms not only affect the progress of the project, but also pose a serious threat.on the health and mechanical work.The road built by aeolian san is Vulnerable to wind erosion, sand burial or washout,which is a hidden danger for the safety of highway and transport.The difficulty of ecological restoration is from the degree of disturbance in highway construction, so environmental protection much valued in the design and construction is to alleviate the pressure on ecological restoration. According to the different forms of disturbance, disturbed areas are divided into the main area of engineering structures, the fetching field, the dumping sites and construction road and other temporary venues, so that specific requirements of ecological restoration are different. Based on ecology, wind physics, principles of landscape aesthetics and biological slope protection,this paper contacts environmental conditions and disturbance characteristics to present ecological restoration measures of different disturbed areas for highway construction in the desert.更多还原