【作者】 张建军；

【导师】 胡兆同；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆地区由于其特殊的气候特点如气候干燥、冬季寒冷且持续时间长、夏季高温且昼夜温差大、春秋季节风沙天气频繁等,造成新疆地区桥梁结构特有的病害特点。在大温差、反复冻融、雨雪、冻土等因素的作用下,桥梁结构的混凝土容易产生较大的裂缝,这些裂缝继续扩展,就会加速结构内部混凝土的碳化、钢筋的锈蚀。反复的冻融、冬季冰雪的融化、冻土的融沉等会造成桥梁墩台的倾斜、开裂、钢筋锈蚀等。风沙会造成桥孔、泄水管道的堵塞,影响桥梁的排水、泄洪功能。随着新疆地区气候的变暖,季节性冻土封冻时间逐渐缩短,冻土深度逐渐减小,桥梁基础的施工也会对冻土层造成扰动,这些因素会导致地基冻土的融化下沉、基础的倾斜,最终造成桥梁的承载能力降低。新疆地区改革开放前经济基础薄弱,交通运输事业不发达,建造的桥梁荷载等级较低,而且存在着设计、施工等方面的缺陷。随着新疆地区经济的发展,早期建造的桥梁已经不能满足当地交通运输事业的需要,超载现象越来越普遍。在各种自然环境及车辆荷载等因素的作用下,这些早期建造的桥梁病害情况严重,有些甚至成了危桥。这对当地经济的发展不利,甚至危及到人民的生命和财产的安全。因此对这些桥梁进行维修、加固已成为一件刻不容缓的事情,但是对于新疆地区桥梁特有的病害特点,还未有一套与之对应的维修、加固方法。本论文基于新疆伊犁特大桥、塔里木河大桥、新疆省道303中桥等桥梁的质量检测工作,对一些桥梁的病害进行分析、总结,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：(1)对新疆地区的桥梁病害机理进行了较为全面的归纳、分析。(2)对新疆伊犁特大桥、塔里木河大桥等桥梁的质量检测、静载、动载试验结果进行了对比、分析,得出桥梁实际的荷载效应与设计荷载作用下的变形、位移规律。(3)通过将静载、动载试验与MIDAS有限元软件计算结果进行对比分析,对桥梁的承载能力、工作状况作出综合性评定,给出对应的维修、加固方案。(4)针对新疆地区特有的病害特点,给出了新疆地区桥梁病害对应的预防、维修、加固措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the special climate characteristics in Xinjiang region such as dry climate, cold and long winters, high summer temperatures and large day-night temperature difference, frequent sandstorms in spring and autumn weather, etc. the bridge structure there was caused unique features of diseases. Under the action of large temperature difference, repeated freezing and thawing, rain and snow, permafrost, the concrete bridge structures prone to large cracks, these cracks continue to expand, which will accelerate the internal structure of concrete carbonization and corrosion of steel. Repeated freezing, winter snow and ice melting and thawing permafrost will bring about piers tilt, cracking and corrosion of reinforcement and so on. Sandstorm causes blocking of bridge opening and outlet pipe, which will affect the function of drainage and flood discharge of the bridge. With the climate warming in Xinjiang, seasonally frozen soil time gradually shortened, depth of permafrost decreases, bridge foundation construction will cause disturbance to the permafrost, these factors will lead to melting and sinking of permafrost foundation, tilting of subsidence base, eventually leading to the load carrying ability of the bridges.Before reform and opening up, the economic foundation of Xinjiang region was weak, transportation business was underdevelopment, and bridge load rating was in low grade as well as deficiencies in design and construction. With the economy develops there, the bridges built in early stage can’t meet the needs of the local transport industry any longer, overload is becoming more and more common. Under the influence of all sorts of natural environment and vehicle load, these early built bridges are in serious conditions, and some even become unsafe ones. This is detrimental to local economic development, and even endangers people’s lives and property security. Therefore, maintenance and reinforcement to these bridges has become an urgent affair, but there isn’t a corresponding maintenance and reinforcement method to the special disease characteristics of Xinjiang bridges yet.Based on the quality inspection to Yili Bridge, Tarim River Bridge and Provincial Highway 303 medium-sized Bridge in Xinjiang, this thesis analyzes and summarizes a number of diseases of the bridges, mainly on the following aspects:1. A more comprehensive induction and analysis to the bridge diseases mechanism of Xinjiang region is conducted for the first time.2. By comparison and analysis of quality inspection, static load test and dynamic load test of Yili Bridge and Tarim River Bridge in Xinjiang, the deformation and displacement law of bridges in real load effect and design load function is derived.3. After comparative analysis the results of static load test and dynamic load test with the calculation results of MIDAS finite element software, comprehensive assessment of bridges’carrying capacity and working conditions is worked out, and then corresponding maintenance and reinforcing scheme is given.4. The corresponding prevention, maintenance and reinforcement measures to the bridge diseases in Xinjiang region were given according to its special disease characteristics.更多还原