【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 黄海东；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 从中国在2001年12月加入WTO后,我国经济飞速发展,对外贸易额逐年增加,出口额节节攀升,持续数年贸易顺差。与此同时,我国的政府和企业也处于激烈的国际竞争中,各国与我国的贸易摩擦接连发生。世界各国均对我国发起贸易救济措施,其中,反补贴作为三大贸易救济手段之一,越来越受到重视。特别是在反倾销已无法抑制中国商品出口的飞速增长之时,各国纷纷拿起反补贴的武器来打击中国的商品。由于,我国遭遇发补贴的时间和次数相对于反倾销少很多,国内对这一理论的研究和分析框架比较少。本文研究的主要是在世界反补贴的大潮中,我国面临的现状,特点以及我国的应对策略。首先,介绍近年内国际与国内研究反补贴的理论。现阶段,国际上主要从传统贸易理论和战略性贸易理论两方面来研究补贴与反补贴的优劣和实用性。同时,我国学者更倾向于WTO《SCM协定》和反补贴对我国经济的影响和对策及未来趋势的研究。其次,简要论述了WTO及世界各国的反补贴法律。WTO《SCM协定》是WTO各成员方制定反补贴的法律的基础,主要规定了有关补贴的定义,补贴的分类及补救措施。文章还介绍了美国、加拿大和欧盟有关反补贴的实体规则,包括实施反补贴的主要机构和反补贴法律要点。第三,研究了我国遭遇反补贴的现状、特点。通过分析得出,我国遭遇反补贴的次数仅次于印度,居第二位,其中,美国对我国发起反补贴次数最多；我国遭遇反补贴调查密集的行业是金属原材料及其制成品、纸制品、化工产品和机电产品。还分析了美国、加拿大及欧盟对我国的反补贴概况。通过分析得出主要的特征是：发起国是发达国家；反补贴的税率较反倾销低；反补贴与反倾销合并调查。第四,深入研究了我国频繁遭遇反补贴的原因,主要从国际和国内两方面讨论了我国频繁遭遇反补贴的原因。国际原因包括：我国接连数年贸易顺差；“市场经济地位”的确立及各国修改其反补贴法律等；而我国确实存在WTO的“禁止性补贴”、我国法律制度不完善和企业自身的问题如企业不应诉是我国自身的原因。第五,深入分析了国外对华反补贴多我国经济的影响。本文通过两国模型介绍了反补贴的经济学原理；随后通过数学分析得出了补贴和反补贴对我国国内经济和福利的影响,即补贴会使国内价格上升,消费下降,同时生产量和出口额增加,但当国外采取了反补贴措施后,打击了中国产品的出口,外国还从我国政府手中获得一部分的税收收入,我国实际上就是对国外政府实施了补贴。此外,还分析反补贴对我国出口的整体影响,即抑制了中国商品的出口,降低了我国产品的出口竞争力,还会在政治上形成不利影响。最后,由于我国在应对反补贴的过程中存在很多问题,如补贴信息搜集工作滞后,政府回答反补贴案件问卷的经验不足和企业缺乏自我保护意识等,我国必须在掌握国外对华反补贴的现状和原因基础上,提出相应的应对策略。如政府应当转变其思路,从“参与企业活动转换到提供咨询”；调整补贴政策,包括取缔禁止性补贴,使用可诉补贴的规范性,加大不可诉补贴的比重；建立产业预警机制。行业协会应辅助政府完善产业预警机制并且协调国内企业行为,协助企业应对反补贴调查。企业应加强其技术创新包括加大加大科研投入、重视基础科学的研究等,并且要调整出口战略采取以质而不是以量取胜的国际竞争策略,拓展拉美等国的多元市场。最后,要完善我国的反补贴立法,在反补贴立法中,要多借鉴一些欧美反补贴立法的经验和教训,建立一部完整、合理的反补贴法律。本文的创新点在于条理性的介绍了各国的反补贴立法及全面详细的介绍了我国应对国外反补贴调查的措施,分别从政府、企业、行业协会及立法四个方面加以介绍,特别介绍了行业协会的重要性。本文的不足在于：缺少实际的调研或访谈资料,所以,有些观点的论据不是很充分,缺乏验证。另外,在研究国外对华反补贴对我国的影响上,没有我国实际的损失数据,所写的内容可能不能充分把问题说明白。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the entry into WTO on Oct.11th, the social economy has been growing rapidly together with the remarkable export growth and the continual surplus of trade. Meanwhile, the severe competition in the international market brings in the trade conflict successively. More and more countries initiate the trade remedy measures. The anti-subsidy, which is among the three measures, is attached more importance than ever before. Especially on the condition that the rapid progress can not be curbed by the anti-dumping measure, the anti-subsidy is another one for them to suppress the good Chinese origin. Because of the inferior situation of the anti-subsidy to the anti-dumping, the domestic research and analysis are rare.The content of this paper is the analysis of the present situation, characteristics and the coping strategy. The first is the theory introduction of the anti-subsidy home and abroad. The prevalence of the research references includes the traditional trade theory and the strategic trade theory, which are used to analyze the quality and the practicability. At the same time, the domestic scholars lean to do the research on the SCM of the WTO and the effect analysis of the anti-subsidy. The second is the sketch of the anti-subsidy law worldwide. The SCM of the WTO is the basis of the anti-subsidy law for national formation. The SCM is a specific agreement on the definition, classification and the relief measure. The paper also introduces the substantive rules on the anti-subsidy of America, Canada and EU. Thirdly, the research also explains the present situation and characteristics. According to the statistics, the number of the anti-subsidy against China is second only to India. The anti-subsidy characteristics are concluded by the analysis of the America anti-subsidy against China, which is the top 1 country in the anti-subsidy cases against China. The Characteristics are as followings. The industries involved include the metal material, finished products, paper products, chemical products and electromechanical products. The main initiating countries are developed countries, such as America, Canada and EU. The rate of the countervailing duty is lower than that of the anti-dumping. The investigation is for the anti-subsidy and anti-dumping simultaneously.The fourth part is the reason analysis of the anti-subsidy home and abroad. The reasons include the trade surplus, the confirmation of the market economy, the perfection of the concerning laws of the foreign countries and the imperfection of our domestic legislation and the factor of the enterprises (such as the pleading ability). The fifth part is the effect analysis in our domestic market causing by the anti-subsidy against China. The effect analysis of the subsidy and anti-subsidy are concluded into two aspects, namely the economy development and the welfare. The conclusion is that the subsidy boosts the increase of the price, consumption and the export volume. The anti-subsidy against China suppresses the export, while the countervailing duty is a subsidy for the initiating country in disguised form. It has the negative influence on the competitive strength and the politics as well.The final part is the strategy introduction on the basis of the reason analysis. It includes the lagging of the information gallering, the dificiency of the subsidy questionaire and the enterprise’s lack of the self-protection. It is a need to sort out the strategies basing on the analysis of the situation and reason. The thought transformation of the government is changing the participation to providing the consultation. The adjustment of the policy includes the cancelling of the prohibited subsidy, regulating of the actionable subsidy and enlarging the utilization of the non-actionable subsidy. The early warning system is essencial as well. The guild has the responsibility to assisit the improvement of the early warning system and the coordination of the enterprise behavior. The enterprises also have to increase the investment for the R&D, to pay more attention to the basic research, to adjust the exporting strategy of taking the quality as the comparative advantage, to expand the international market and so on. Finally, the perfection of the legislation is one strategy as well. Basing on the experience and lessons in the trade development, the concerning department have to set up a perfect and rational law system.The innovative standpoint is the systematic introduction of the foreign subsidy legislation and the measures taking by our country. It also introduce the importance of the guild through the angle of the government, enterprise, guild and the legislation. The deficiency of my paper is lacking of the survey and interview material, which is leading to the inadequate arguement. Besides, the foreign research on the anti-subsidy against China has no clear statistic on the actual loss of China, which can not strongly explain the issue clearly.更多还原