【作者】 王颖；

【导师】 李光龙；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 政治经济学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个农业大国,农业、农村、农民发展问题一直都是大家关注的焦点。农业产业化是农业在市场经济条件下进一步发展的一个必然选择,是农业发展的必由之路。改革开放以来,我国农业产业化经营取得了很大成绩,为农业和农村经济发展做出了巨大贡献。农业产业化经营机制的推广与发展,推动了农业和农民与市场的结合,通过专业化生产、一体化经营、企业化管理、社会化服务体系的建立,把产供销、贸工农、经科教紧密结合起来,加快了农产品向优势产业集中,在提高农业生产效率、促进农业生产结构调整的同时,促进了农民收入增长和农村经济的发展。但随着经济、社会发展变革的加快,一些影响因素制约了我国农业产业化向广度和深度发展。为了加快农村改革,进一步推动农业产业结构优化,拓宽农民就业领域,增加农民收入,让农村经济发展更上一个台阶,我们需要进一步探索农业产业化发展新思路。本文介绍了农业产业化的概念,回顾了我国农业产业化经营机制的实践探索和发展历程。通过对权威专家学者的概念表述及发展历程的分析,揭示了我国农业产业化是农村经济适应市场经济发展的必然产物,利益机制是农业产业化发展的核心。农业产业化是以促进农民收入的增长、农村经济的发展、农业效益的提高作为最终目标的。农业产业化强调“以市场为导向”,在市场经济条件下,一切企业和农户都是以最求利益最大化为目的。农业产业化经营机制就是按照市场需求,将各产业联系起来,在实现优势互补的同时,降低风险,在大产业的良性循环中追逐高收益。但是,当前我国的农业产业化发展面临的实际情况是：市场需求在不断发生变化；城乡收入差距不仅较大,而且呈现出差距继续增长的趋势,农民依然相对贫困；高投入、高能耗的传统农业发展模式不仅污染了环境、破坏了生态,在自然资源匮乏的前提下,也严重影响了农业的持续发展。为了适应市场需求的变化,促进农民增收、农业持续发展,农业产业化必须寻找新的突破点。同样起步于20世纪70年代末的生态农业不仅能够做到合理利用农业自然资源,保护环境,减少污染,而且能够提供安全、健康、丰富的绿色产品满足市场不断变化的需求,并能促进农业综合效益的提高,维护农业的长期稳定可持续发展发展。生态农业的优势恰好可以帮助农业产业化应对当前的新形势、新挑战。紧接着,文章在第四部分提出了将农业产业化经营机制与生态农业发展结合起来,发展生态农业产业化。生态农业为农业产业化注入了新鲜活力,帮助农业产业化找到了应对新形势的突破口,实现了农业产业化的提升；农业产业化经营机制也为生态农业提供了提高效益、深化发展的途径。作者提出生态农业产业化运营机制应该是在农业生产、加工及销售各环节,巧妙运用生态技术,将生态循环与纵向的产业链结合起来,构建资源高效利用的产业相互交织的网状产业系统。文章还结合肥西县区域经济特色,提出了生态农业产业化模式构建的设想。我国的农业产业化、生态农业的建设虽然都已取得了一定的成绩,但生态农业产业化的发展却还处于起步阶段,仍存在着一系列问题：生态农业政策体系不完善；技术水平落后；农民综合素质较低；生态农产品的价格机制不完善；现代农业的运作机制没有形成；生态农业建设项目缺乏资金；系统规模小,形不成产业优势；法律制度不健全等等。通过对生态农业产业化发展现存问题的分析,文章在最后有针对性地提出了发展生态农业产业化的政策建议。只有加强基础理论研究,促进农业技术创新,以市场为导向,以健康食品为主导,科学选择主导产业,优化生态农业模式,实现农业产业化的升级,加强农业基础设施建设,积极构建农村社会化服务体系,加大宣传教育力度,全方位地开展生态产业建设,同时加大政府扶持力度、完善相关政策法规,才能保证整体大环境的改善和优化,促进生态农业产业化顺利进行、快速发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a large agricultural country, development of Agriculture, rural and farmers has been the focus of attention. Agricultural industrialization is an inevitable choice under the conditions of agriculture in the further development of market economy, also is the only way of agricultural development. Since the reform and opening up, China’s industrialization of agriculture has made great achievements in the development of agriculture and the rural economy has made tremendous contributions. The promotion and development of operational mechanisms of agricultural Industrialization promot agriculture and farmers combined with the market. Through specialized production, integrated management, enterprise management, the establishment of social service system, the production,supply, sale, trade, industry, agriculture, economy, technology, education are closely integrated, the agricultural industry concentrat to the competitive industries, the income growth for farmers and rural economic development are promoted while increasing agricultural productivity and promoting the restructuring of agricultural production. But with the economic and social development to accelerate transformation a number of factors restricted the agricultural industry to the breadth and depth.In order to accelerate rural reform,further promote the industrial structure of agriculture,broaden the field of employment of farmers,increase their income,and make the rural economic development to a higher level,we need to further explore new ideas development of agricultural industrialization.This paper introduces the concept of the industrialization of agriculture, reviews the process of the exploration and development practice of operating mechanism of agricultural industrialization.Though the conception of expression and the development process from authoritative experts and scholars,reveals that the agricultural industry is the development of rural economy to adapt to the inevitable outcome of market economy, interest mechanism is the core of the development of agricultural industrialization..The ultimate goal Industrialization of agriculture is to promote the growth of income of the farmers, rural economic development, increase agricultural efficiency.Agricultural Industrialization emphasized the "market oriented", in the market economy, all enterprises and farmers are the best for the purpose of seeking maximum benefits. Operating mechanism of agricultural industrialization is to link all industries, risk reduction and chase high returns with virtuous circle of big industry while in the complementary advantages according to market demand.But the current development of China’s agricultural industry is facing the reality: the market demand is constantly changing;Urban-rural income gap is not only larger, but the gap continues to grow showing a trend, farmers are still relatively poor;High input, high consumption of the traditional mode of agricultural development not only pollutes the environment, destroying the ecology, natural resource scarcity in the premise, but also a serious impact on the sustainable development of agriculture.In order to adapt to changes in market demand, increasing peasant income, sustainable development of agriculture, agricultural industry must find a new breakthrough.Ecological Agriculture started at 70 20th century not only do rational use of agricultural natural resources, protect environment, reduce pollution, but also to provide a safe,healthy, rich green products to meet the changing needs of the market, and can promote the improvement of agricultural efficiency, maintain the sustainable development of agriculture in the development of long-term stability.The advantage of ecological agriculture could help the agricultural industry response to the current new situation and new challenges.Then, the paper will be presented in the fourth part of the operating mechanism of agricultural industrialization combined with the development of ecological agriculture to develop ecological agriculture industry.Ecological agriculture has injected fresh vitality for the agricultural industry, and helped the agricultural industry to find a breakthrough to deal with the new situation, and achieved improvement of agricultural industrialization;Operating mechanism of agricultural industrialization provide ways to improve efficiency and deepen the development for ecological agriculture. The author propose that the Operating mechanism of ecological agricultural industrialization is chaining the ecological and integrated verticaly to build a resource efficient use of the intertwined network of industrial industrial system in various aspects of agricultural production,saling by clever using of eco-technology. The article also combined Feixi regional economic characteristics and put forward the idea of mode of ecological agriculture. China’s agricultural industry, the construction of ecological agriculture has been made despite some achievements, but the development of ecological agriculture industrialization still in its infancy, there are still a number of issues:Policy system of ecological agriculture is imperfect; Technology is backward; Overall quality of farmers is low; Price mechanism of ecological agricultural products is imperfect; The operating mechanism of modern agriculture has not formed; Construction projects of ecological agriculture are lack of capital;The small size of the system can not form a dominant industry;The legal system is not perfect, and so on.Through the analysis of existing problems of development of ecological agriculture industrialization, the article puts forward the policy recommendations of the development of ecological agriculture industrialization in the final. Only by strengthening the basic research, promoting the innovation of agricultural technology, and the market-oriented,leding to healthy food, scientific selection of leading industry,optimization of ecological Agriculture,upgrading agricultural industrialization,strengthening the agricultural infrastructure,actively build a social service system in rural areas,increasing publicity and education efforts.carrying out the construction of ecological industry Comprehensivly,increasing government support and Improving relevant policies and regulations,we can ensure the improvement and optimization of the overall environment and promote the smooth progress and rapid development of ecological agriculture industrialization.更多还原