【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 杨芸；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 经济学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 在当前形势下,我国是一个发展中国家,国内金融部门是我国的经济发展资金的主要来源,在所有的融资渠道中,商业银行占据着绝对的优势。在当今经济飞速发展的形势下,正在逐步实现金融国际化,同时,我国也正在不断加强金融体制改革,并实现全面对外开放,我国银行业在新形势下面临着巨大的挑战：一方面,必须面对日趋激烈的国内竞争,另一方面,许多外资银行也正在与国内的商业银行进行非常激烈的竞争,并逐步抢滩中国。如果我国商业银行的整体竞争力不能得到有效的提高,那么,我国商业银行就很难顺利运行,甚至会面临许多不利于金融稳定并阻碍经济发展的重大挫折。所以,必须综合、客观的分析和评价当前我国商业银行的绩效情况,发现我国商业银行经营过程中的问题所在,从而提出科学、合理的能够使我国商业银行的绩效提高的对策,最终使我国商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟。因此,在我国银行业普遍实行改革、深化改革,以及资本市场不断扩展的今天,深入探讨商业银行股权结构与经营绩效之间的关系,是一项非常有意义的工作。股权结构决定着公司的内部治理安排,如董事会结构、经理人员股权激励等实际上都是公司内部权力配置的结果,而公司内部权力配置的状况将会影响到公司生产经营的成果；同时,公司的一些外部治理措施,如控制权市场,实际上也是以公司的股权结构为前提条件,不同的股权结构会导致控制权市场的不同运作方式。这样可得出结论：股权结构通过公司治理机制这一中间环节影响公司绩效。只有股权结构合理才能建立完善的公司治理机制,也只有建立起完善的公司治理机制才能实现公司的有效运营,进而保证公司取得良好的绩效。因此对股权结构与公司绩效之间关系的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。对于一个国家的经济的发展和金融的稳定来说,商业银行的健全和发展起着举足轻重的作用。作为发展中国家,我国经济所需资金主要来源于国内金融部门,在所有的融资渠道中,商业银行占据着绝对的优势。所以,商业银行的经营绩效一方面,在微观上,对于银行体系的正常运营和公司核心竞争力具有非常严重的影响,另一方面,在宏观上,对于能否优化配置经济资源和保证经济增长质量的提高具有非常严重的影响。经过多年来的不断持续发展,我国商业银行的规模正在变得越来越大,并且会不断发展壮大,目前在我国的国民经济中已经占据非常关键的地位。然而,当前我国仍然处在转变经济发展方式的阶段,已经由过去的计划经济体制转变成为市场经济体制,我国商业银行由于各种原因而竞争意识不足,相对于成熟市场国家来说,我国商业银行的经营绩效仍然很低,还有很长的一段路需要走。我国商业银行不断发展的内在要求决定了必须大力提高商业银行经营绩效,由于我国的资本市场的很晚才起步、发展有待改进,我国仍然必须通过银行部门筹集用来进行经济活动的大部分资金,所以,进行金融改革的首要任务就是要使我国银行体系的正常发展得到可靠的保障,才能够有利于我国的经济发展。商业银行顺利运行的基础是商业银行的股权结构,在很大程度上,商业银行的股权结构是否有效直接关系到商业银行的长远发展,直接关系到商业银行的经营绩效的高低。采用股权改革的方法,是否一定能够保证商业银行的经营绩效的提高?进行股权改革与公司绩效到底是什么关系?股权结构是如何影响公司绩效的?什么样的股权结构是合理的股权结构?怎样才能建立合理的商业银行的股权结构?本文从公司的股权结构与经营绩效的关系入手,结合商业银行公司治理的特殊性,比较分析了中外商业银行股权结构特征,找出我国商业银行股权结构存在的不足之处,通过优化股权性质来完善公司治理内部机制,优化股权集中度来完善公司治理外部机制,以求构造一个科学、合理、有效的商业银行公司治理的产权基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the current situation, China is a developing country, its financial sector is the major source of funds for the country’s economic development; and among all the financing channels, commercial banks enjoy the absolute advantage. In the world of rapid economic development, financial internationalization is progressing gradually. Meanwhile, China is strengthening the reform of financial system and has been open in an all-round way. China’s banking industry is confronted with two huge challenges: one from the more and more fierce domestic competition, and the other from many foreign banks entering China. Without effective promotion of the overall competitiveness of China’s commercial banks, it will be hard for them to operate smoothly. They will even face serious frustrations that are unfavorable for financial stability and block economic development. Therefore, it is significant to analyze and evaluate the current performance of China’s commercial banks in a comprehensive and objective manner, and detect the problems existing in their operation, so as to put forward scientific and reasonable strategies to promote their performance and ultimately get a firm status in the fierce competition. Nowadays, the Chinese banks are either carrying put or deepening reforms, and the capital marketing is expanding, which determine the significance of exploring the relationship between the shareholding structure and operational performance of commercial banks.The shareholding structure determines a corporation’s internal governance. For instance, the board structure, shareholding stimulation for managers, etc. determine the corporation’s distribution of internal rights, which then affect the corporation’s performance. Besides, some external governance measures, such as the control right market, depend on its shareholding structure as well. Here is the conclusion:the shareholding structure influences performance through the intermediate of governance mechanism. Only a reasonable shareholding structure will generate a perfect governance mechanism, which will then help realize an effective operation, and further ensure a good performance. Consequently, the study of the relationship between shareholding structure and corporate performance has great theoretic and practical significance.For a country’s economic development and financial stability, the establishment and development of commercial banks play important roles. As a developing country, China’s capital of economic mainly comes from domestic financial sectors. The commercial banks have an absolute advantage over all other financing channels. Therefore, the operating performances of commercial banks on the one hand, at the micro, have great impacts on the normal operations of the banking systems and the core competitiveness of the companies, and on the other hand, at the macro, have great impacts on the ability to optimize the allocation of economic resources and ensuring the improvement of economic growth. After years of sustainable development, the scale of China’s commercial banks are getting bigger, and will continue to grow and develop, commercial bank has occupied a crucial position of national economy in China. However, currently China is still in the stage of reforming the economic development style. Although we have change from the previous planned economy to the market economy, compared to banks in mature market countries, China’s commercial banks lack of the sense of competition for various reasons. The business performances are still low and there is still a long way to go for China’s commercial banks. The inherent requirements of continuous development of China’s commercial banks determine that the banks have to greatly improve performances. As China’s capital market started late and the developments could be improved, we still have to raise most funds to be used for economic activities through the banking sector. Therefore, the primary task of financial reform is to make the normal development of the banking system reliably protected to benefit China’s economic development. Ccommercial banks’ ownership structure is the basis for the smooth operation of commercial banks, and to a large extent, the equity structure of commercial banks is directly related to the effectiveness of long-term development and the level of performance of commercial banks.Whether using equity method of reform will be able to guarantee the improvement of commercial banks’ business performance? What on earth are the relationships between reform of the equity and corporations’ performances? How does ownership structure affect corporations’ performances? What kind of ownership structure is reasonable? How to build the reasonable equity structure of commercial banks? From the relationship between the company’s ownership structure and business performance and combining the special nature of commercial banks, this paper analyses the shareholding structures of Chinese and foreign commercial banks and looks for the inadequacies of existing structures. It figures out that optimizing the equity nature improves internal corporate governance mechanisms and optimizing ownership concentration improves the external mechanisms of corporate governance, only by that can Chinese commercial banks construct the property basis for scientific, reasonable and effective corporate governance.更多还原