提高龙首矿下向六角形进路式采矿爆破效率研究

【作者】 韩冰；

【导师】 乔登攀；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 龙首矿是金川公司开发最早的地下矿山,分为东、中、西三个采区,其中东、中采区的矿石品位较高,西采区则以贫矿为主。龙首矿采矿方法采用下向六角形进路式胶结充填采矿法。进路式采矿法是以巷道掘进的方式来回采矿体,因而掘进爆破效率的高低直接影响到生产能力的大小。多年来,龙首矿一直采用低进尺、多循环的爆破模式,爆破效率一般低于80%,富矿中进路平均单炮崩矿量为45-70吨,贫矿进路单炮崩矿量为60-80吨。本论文以提高龙首矿下向六角形进路式采矿爆破效率为研究对象,对龙首矿采场爆破的现状进行了调查,采用矿岩的力学性质指标、矿岩的裂隙性指标和矿岩的爆破质量指标作为主要的分级依据对龙首矿矿岩体进行爆破性分级,得出龙首矿中西采区矿岩体中贫矿石和片麻岩的可爆性最好,斜长角闪岩、大理岩和二辉橄榄岩的爆破性次之,而富矿及花岗岩的爆破性最差；根据对矿岩体爆破性分级,结合大断面巷道掘进经验确定大直径空孔桶形掏槽方式；根据药孔爆破破碎区半径计算公式,得出贫矿破碎区半径206-250毫米,富矿为152-175毫米,确定了在贫矿采用菱形掏槽布孔方式,在富矿中采用三角形掏槽布孔方式；根据岩石碎块在槽腔内的运动模型及槽腔空率与时间的定量关系,通过计算,确定了在龙首矿六角形进路爆破中,采用HS非电微差雷管,价格较低且能取得良好的效果。根据断裂力学理论确定了六角形进路崩落孔和周边孔布孔参数,用1/3岩体强度折减法为富矿体71.72-64.1厘米,贫矿为99.24-85.10厘米；用1/2强度折减法富矿体为60.92-57.46厘米,贫矿为71.06-66.75厘米。并进行了全断面一次性爆破布孔设计和工业实验。工业实验结果表明,在炸药单耗不增大的条件下,在贫矿中进路单炮崩矿量由60-80吨增加到平均单炮崩矿量120吨,爆破进尺由原来1.0-1.4米提高到平均2.17米；在富矿中进路平均单炮崩矿量由45-70吨增加到117吨,爆破进尺由原来0.7-1.2米提高到平均1.87米,六角形进路式爆破效率达到90%以上爆破效率提高了近两倍。较龙首矿原进路爆破模式具有明显的优越性,试验取得了成功,并在龙首矿得到了全面推广更多还原

【Abstract】 Long Shou mine is an underground mine which developed by Jinchuan Corporation in the early time. This mine divides into three pits. These are east part,middle part and west part. Ore quality in east part and middle part are good, But the ore quality in west part is bad. The mining method for Long Shou mine is Hexagon admission passage type drift-and-fill mining method. Drift-and-fill method is worked by the way of tunnel tunneling so that the demolition efficiency can influence the productivity directly. These years, Long Shou mine always uses the way of tenters the ruler, the multi-circulation demolition pattern lowly.The demolition efficiency is always below 80%.In rich ore,admission passage average for the quantity of mineral deposits are 45-70 tons. In lean ore, admission passage average for the quantity of mineral deposits are 60-80 tons.The present paper take enhances under Long Shou mine to the hexagon admission passage type mining demolition efficiency as the object of study, the pits demolition present situation has carried on the investigation to Long Shou mine, useing the ore-bearing rocks the mechanical properties target, the ore-bearing rocks crevasse target and the ore-bearing rocks demolition qualitative index took the main graduation basis the ore-bearing rocks body which carries on the demolition graduation to Long Shou mine,.The results obtains Long Shou mine’s middle and the West pits to pick in the area ore-bearing rocks body the poor rock and the gneiss demolition is best, slanting silique amphibolite, marble and lherzolite demolition next best, but the high-grade ore and the granite demolition is worst. According to the ore-bearing rocks body demolition graduation, unifies the big cross section tunnel tunneling experience to determine the large diameter air gate barrel shape cutting way. According to the medicine hole demolition stave area radius formula, obtains the lean ore stave area radius 206～250 millimeters, the high-grade ore is 152～175 millimeters, it had determined selects the diamond cutting cloth hole method in lean ore that, selects the triangle cutting cloth hole method in the high-grade ore; According to the medicine hole demolition stave area radius formula, obtains the lean ore stave area radius 206～250 millimeters, the high-grade ore is 152～175 millimeters, had determined selects the diamond cutting cloth hole method in lean ore that, selects the triangle cutting cloth hole method in the high-grade ore. According to crag in trough cavity movement model and trough cavity spatial rate and time quota relations, through the computation, had determined in Long Shou mine in the hexagon admission passage demolition, uses the HS non-electric elemental error detonator, the price is low also can obtain the good effect. Had determined according to the break theory of mechanics the hexagon admission passage comes down the hole and peripheral Kong Bukong the parameter, discounts the law with 1/3 rock mass intensity for the high-grade ore body are 71.72～64.1 centimeters, the lean ore is 99.24～85.10 centimeters. Discounts the law high-grade ore body with 1/2 intensity are 60.92～57.46 centimeters, the lean ore are 71.06～66.75 centimeters. And carried on the entire cross section disposable to explode the rags hole design and the industry experiment.The industry experiment result shows us that in explodes under the condition which the prescription consumes does not increase, enters the travel permit artillery in the lean ore to collapse the quantity of mineral deposits to increase from 60～80 tons to average Shan Baobeng the quantity of mineral deposits 120 tons, demolishes the ruler to enhance from the original 1.0～1.4 meters to the average 2.17 meters. Admission passage average is the quantity of mineral deposits increases in high-grade ore rich ore from 45～70 tons to 117 tons, demolishes the ruler to enhance from the original 0.7-1.2 meter to the average 1.87 meters, the Hexagon admission passage type drift-and-fill mining method efficiency achieves above 90%. The demolition efficiency enhanced near two times.Compared Long Shou mine the original admission passage demolition pattern (low scale、multi-circulation) has the obvious superiority, the experiment has obtained the success, and obtained the comprehensive promotion in Long Shou mine.更多还原