【作者】 李艳；

【导师】 熊进刚； 李大浪；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑物在长期使用过程中,在人为或自然因素作用下,随时间推移将发生材料老化与结构损伤,这种损伤的累积将导致结构承载力下降、耐久性降低。科学地评估这种损伤程度,及时采取有效处理措施可以延缓结构损伤的进程,延长结构使用寿命。本文主要工作和成果如下。1.对《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》、《工业厂房可靠性鉴定标准》、《危险房屋鉴定标准》和《建筑抗震鉴定标准》等工程结构可靠性鉴定现有标准的适用范围和特点进行对比分析。结构可靠性鉴定是一项涉及安全而又政策性强的工作,应根据不同建筑年代、不同类型和性质的建筑,正确选用相应鉴定标准。2.结合作者参与的某厂5000T/D运矿铁路桥鉴定和钢结构皮带廊鉴定两个实例,介绍了工程实践中结构可靠性鉴定的一般过程和内容,着重阐述了这两个实例的结构检测方案及结果、结构计算分析、鉴定结论以及结构加固方案建议等内容。根据设计资料和现场初步检查情况,制定了结构检测方案并予以实施；以现场检测数据为依据,考虑结构实际使用荷载,建立了符合实际受力情况的结构分析模型,验算了结构构件的强度、稳定性、变形等有关性能指标；根据复核结果,评价了主要承重结构及构件的现状,提出了结构可靠性鉴定结论；根据鉴定结论,结合工程现场实际情况和业主不停产的要求,提出了加固技术方案建议。对5000T/D运矿铁路桥,还进一步给出了具体加固方案和加固设计。该工程已完成加固施工工作,加固后结构使用状况良好,实现了预期加固目标。3.就现有可靠性鉴定方法存在的问题、结构可靠性鉴定发展方向、中小学多层砌体校舍抗震鉴定与加固三个问题进行了讨论。既有结构可靠性检测鉴定标准发展相对滞后,在现有的可靠性鉴定中,没有考虑结构的损伤累积,对结构的稳定安全性缺乏足够重视,没有既有建筑结构剩余使用寿命的准确预测,没有形成科学、实用的体系可靠性评价方法。有必要编制一套既有建筑检测、鉴定、加固的统一标准。收集工程结构有关数据和构建大型数据库是一项基础性工作,信息采集和信息不确定性处理技术至关重要。中小学校舍由原来的标准设防提高到重点设防类,在抗震鉴定和加固中应提高其抗震措施。正确区分设防烈度,重点核查总层数、总高度、结构布置和局部尺寸等。要遵循抗震加固概念设计要求,合理选择抗震加固设计方案和加固方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of building long-term use, human or natural factors will result in material degradation and structure damage. The damage accumulation will cause degradation of bearing capacity and durability. Scientific evaluation and effective measures can slow the process of structural damage and prolong structure service life. The main works and results are as follows.Applicable scope and characteristics of the existing standards of reliability appraisal of our country such as Standard for appraisal of reliability of civil buildings, Standard for appraisal of reliability of industrial buildings, Standard for appraisal of dangerous buildings and Standard for seismic appraisal are compared and analysed. The structural reliability appraisal relate to structural safety and the policy. The evaluation standard should be correctly chosen according to the different types and construction times.General process and content of appraisal of structure reliability in practical engineering are introduced combining two examples such as 5000T/D mine railway bridge and steel structure belt gallery which are appraised by the author as the main member. The structure test scheme and result, structure calculation, appraisal conclusion and suggestion of structural strengthening scheme of the two examples are emphatically described. According to the design condition and preliminary site examination, structural test schemes are drafted and implemented. Based on the test data, considering the actual load, the structural analysis model is established, and the strength, stability and deflection of structural components are calculated. According to the calculation results, the situation of structural components are evaluated and the structure reliability appraisal conclusion are obtained. According to the appraisal conclusion, combining the actual situation and the owner project without interrupt production, structural strengthening schemes are suggested. To 5000T/D mine railway bridge, structural strengthening design is further given out. The strengthening construction has been completed and now the structure is in good condition. The desired reinforcement goal is achieved.Three problems such as existing problem of reliability assessment method, development of structural reliability and seismic appraisal of primary school masonry buildings are discussed. In the existing reliability evaluation without considering structural damage accumulation and without enough attention to stability safety, structural residual service life can not be accurately predicted and there are no effective and practical structural system reliability evaluation methods. It’s necessary to compile a set of uniform standards for appraiser, detection and strengthening of existing buildings. Data collection and database build are basic works. Uncertainty information acquisition and processing technology is very important. Seismic fortification criterion of primary school buildings is improved from the standard to the key class. Seismic measuresin in the seismic appraisal and reinforcement should be strengthened. Seismic fortification intensity should be distinguished. Totle number of floors, totle heigh, structure arrangement and local size should be attentively check. Seismic concept design requirements should be followed. Seismic strengthening design scheme and methods should be rationally selected.更多还原