【作者】 向明；

【导师】 吴文平；

【作者基本信息】 吉首大学 ， 法学理论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 律师作为依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家与构建和谐社会的生力军,其主要使命就是维护当事人的合法利益,传播法治观念,维护人权和实现正义以及促进民主法治建设。为完成律师的上述使命,西方法治国家通过立法无不赋予律师一定的“独立性”,要求律师在执业活动中独立于国家、独立于当事人以及独立于社会团体与第三人。律师仅依靠法律与事实对法律事务做出合理的判断。律师不因国家的严格控制使得其在国家权力面前卑躬屈膝,也不因其为当事人的委托完全变成了当事人谋取利益的工具。全文由前言、正文及结语构成,其中正文的主要内容如下:第一部分是律师独立的本体认识。此部分主要是解决律师独立是什么的问题及该问题演变历程。笔者主要从律师独立的内涵与外延以及律师独立的历史演变与现实考察三个方面进行了探讨。本文认为,律师独立是指,为实现律师的功能,律师在执业活动中具有对各种法律事务独自依据事实和法律作出判断和采取行为而不受任何干涉和影响的职业特性。而律师独立的外延则表现为独立于国家、独立于当事人以及独立于社会团体与第三人。为揭示律师独立性之本己品格,应根据法律发展、司法演进、律师职业的历史演变进行考察,以及对当前国际有关公约以及各国与各地区法律的相关规定进行审视。第二部分是律师独立的价值解析。此部分主要是解决律师为什么要独立的问题,也即律师独立的正当性何在之问题。笔者主要从律师独立的利益价值、秩序价值与正义价值三个方面展开论证。本文认为,律师的有效独立不但能够保障当事人的实体性利益、程序性利益以及信赖利益,而且也能够保障律师自身的政治利益和经济利益。在秩序维护方面,律师的有效独立可以起到对市场经济秩序、权力运行秩序与多元社会秩序等维护之功能。而在正义实现方面,律师独立的意义就在于,在追求社会正义的道路上,让律师作为一支相对独立的力量存在,维护人权,制衡权力,最大限度地保护公民的合法权益,保证司法公正,促进法律的正确实施以实现社会的公平与正义。第三部分是律师独立的实现研究。此部分主要是解决律师独立如何实现的问题。笔者主要从律师独立的实现条件以及实现保障两个方面进行了探析。本文认为,律师独立的实现条件主要涵括政治条件、社会经济条件以及文化条件。其中,法治社会的建立是律师独立实现的政治条件;市场经济的建立是律师独立实现的社会经济条件;民众信仰法律与职业文化的形成是律师独立实现的文化条件。而律师独立实现的保障则主要体现为职业特权的国家赋予、行业自治以及法律职业共同体的认同等三个方面。第四部分是律师独立的本土审视。此部分主要解决的是律师独立理论中国化的问题。笔者主要研究了律师职业与律师制度在中国的植入与成长、律师独立在中国的现状以及如何就当下中国律师实现其独立性提出自己的构想。其中,我国律师独立的现状表现为律师不能独立于国家机关、当事人以及社会团体与第三人,导致当下我国律师不独立的原因主要缘于其实现条件方面的缺乏与实现保障方面的缺陷。实现条件方面的缺乏由没有建立起真正的法治社会、传统法律文化的消极影响、现代司法理念的缺失以及律师自身的缺陷等构成;而实现保障方面的缺陷则由律师缺乏体制上的保障、律师行业不自治以及律师权利保障规定不完善等构成。基于此,为实现律师独立,发挥律师特有的功能,笔者从建设社会主义法治社会、完善律师行业自治法制度、完善执业权利体系和加强职业文化建设等四个方面提出了自己的构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lawers, as the inportmant role of building a harmonious society ruled by law, whose main missiones is to safeguard the legitimate interests of the parties, to disseminate the ideology of the rule by law, to safeguard human rights and justice, and to promote the construction of democracy and law. In order to accomplish the above missiones, the Western countries give a certain degree of "independence" to lawyers through legislating.the lawers can practice activities which do not subordinate to any determination which is independent from the state, the parties, and social groups or the third party. Lawers rely solely on law and facts, and their own understanding to the law things to make reasonable judgements. Lawyers do not make their knees before state power because of its strict controlling, or they won’t act as a tool seeking the interests for their parties when delegate for the parties. Full-text includes the Introduction, main body and conclusion,and main elements in the main body are as follows:The first part is to recognize the essene of lawyer’s independence. This section is mainly to resolve the questions of what lawyer’s independence is and how comes from. The author mainly discuss three aspects from the defination, connotation, and evolution and practical study of the law’s independent. This paper argues that lawyers are independent, in order to achieve the functions of lawyers in the practice activities, it has a variety of legal affairs alone to make judgments based on facts and the law and take actions without any interference and influence of professional features. The lawer’s independent epitaxial is manifested by independent of the state, the parties, and social groups and the third person. To reveal the character of the lawyer’s independence , there should be inspected into legal developments, judicial evolution and historical evolution of the legal profession, as well as into the current international conventions and relevant provisions of the law of countries and regions.The second part is to deconstruct the value of lawyer’s independence. This section is mainly resolve why the lawyer should to be independent, namely the legitimacy of the law’s independent. The author mainly discuss about the interest value, the order value and the justice value of the lawer’s independent. This paper argues that the independence of lawer will not only protect the substantive and procedural legitimate interests and reliance interest of the party’s, but also be able to protect the lawyer’s own political interests and economic interests. The independent lawer can maintain the market economic order, power-running order and pluralistic social order. In the realization of justice, , the meaning of lawyer’s independence is that in the pursuit of social justice on the road, so that lawyers, as a relatively independent power exists, protect human rights, balances the state power, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and ensure judicial fairness to promote the correct implementation of laws in order to achieve social equity and justice.The third part is the realization of lawer’s independence. This section is mainly to resolve how to achieve lawer’s independence. The anthor mainly analysises to the conditions and protection of realization of lawer’s independence. This paper argues that the conditions of lawyers independent realization covered mainly the political conditions, socio-economic conditions and cultural conditions. Of which, the establishment of law-rule society is political conditions to achieve lawer’s independence, the establishment of a market economy is the socio-economic conditions,and popular legal belief and independent professional culture are cultural conditions. The indemnities of lawer’s independence are mainly embodied by professional privilege given by the country, industry self- regulation and recognition of the legal professional community.The fourth part is about lawer’s independence in China. This section is mainly to solve the theory of Chinese lawyers who are independent. The anthor mainly studied the import and growth of theory of lawyer’s independence in China, as well as how to achieve its independence. Of these, our lawyers as a solicitor in the performance of the independent status can not be independent of the state offices, the parties, as well as the lawyer bar association s as aautonomous organization.The main reasons that lawyers do not separate are due to the lack of conditions for its implementation and security of realization flaws. The lack of realization conditions lies in no really legal rule state exists, the negative impact of traditional legal culture, the lack of modern judicial philosophy as well as lawyer’s shortcomings.The shortcomings about achieving security composite by the lack of institutional protection of lawyers, lawyers industry no-self-government, as well as the lack of provisions of law protecting the rights of the defective. Based on this, in order to achieve the lawyer’s ndependence and their unique functions, the author put forward ideas as follows : building a legal rule state, improving the legal profession autonomy system, perfecting the system of practice rights and strengthen the construction of occupational culture.更多还原