尼赫鲁大国思想与中印边界争端

【作者】 吴迪；

【导师】 吕昭义；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 世界史， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 印度与中国同为千年文明古国,自汉代发现“蜀身毒道”以来,两国的友好交往延绵至今。其间,双方基本没有刀剑相向的情况,经贸、科技、文化交流从未间断,这在世界历史发展中,都是一个奇迹。近代,中印两国都经历过殖民地或半殖民地的辛酸,两国互为声援,最终赢得解放和独立。但令人扼腕的是,在上世纪50年代后期,双方在漫长的边界线上发生一系列争端,甚至爆发战争。时至今日,边界战争留下的后遗症,仍然困扰两个亚洲大国的交流。那么,是什么导致两国在20世纪中期兵戎相见?我们认为根源在尼赫鲁的大国思想,由此造成印度政府对中印关系定位的失误,进而导致其边界政策一错再错。本文试以尼赫鲁对大国地位的追求为切入点,阐述在1950—1960年代的中印边界争端中,尼赫鲁大国思想对印度边界政策的确立、推行所起的作用,以及边界战争的失败对印度大国思想的影响。全文分五章。第一章论述青年时代尼赫鲁的大国梦想,并分析尼赫鲁大国思想在印度独立初期内政外交上的表现,提出了印度在对华关系上友好与限制并存的矛盾;第二章阐述中印边界问题的历史由来,分析尼赫鲁对英印战略边界思想的继承,表明了对华边界政策对印度国家战略的重要性;第三章阐述了尼赫鲁利用国际有利环境和对华友好关系,建立中印间战略缓冲的企图;第四章分析了尼赫鲁在大国思想刺激下,在边界问题上对中国步步紧逼,两国边界争端不断升级,最终酿成战争;第五章分析1962年中印边界战争后的南亚局势,阐述尼赫鲁对国家战略的调整,表明了边界争端对尼赫鲁大国思想的打击。更多还原

【Abstract】 India,like China, is a country with millennium ancient civilizations. Since“the Shu- India way”was discovered in the Han Dynasty, the friendly exchanges of two countries have continuing to this day. In the interval, both parties are basic to have no knife of sword mutually. At the same time, it is never interrupted in economic trade, science and technology and cultural interaction. This is even a miracle in the world history development. In the Modern age, India and China once experienced the sad of colony or semi-colony. Two countries Showed solidarity to cach otherare, and won the liberation and independence finally. However, a source of hand-wringing despair was that,both happened a series of disputes in the long boundary in the late 1950s, even broke out war. Up to now, the linger effects that this boundary war left still hinder exchanges of two Asian giants.So, what caused the two countries resorting to arms in the middle of 20th century? We think that the source is the Power Thought of Nehru, and thereby led to poor judgement in Sino-Indian relationship. And then, the boundary policy of India’s government repeated an error. This thesis tried to make Nehru power pursuing to become a point of contacting, elaborated the function that Nehru Power Thought established and carried India boundary policy in 1950-1960’s, then elaborated the influence of failing boundary warfare to the Power Thought strategic of India.The full text divides five chapters. Chapter 1 discussed youth Nehru’s power dream, analyzed the Power Thought of Nehru’s performance in Domestic and foreign affairs in the early of India independece, and put forward the contradiction with China’s relationship, that is, friendly and restrained; Chapter 2 elaborated the historical origin of boundary problem, analyzed Nehru inherit the strategic boundary thought of British India, Show Nehru China boundary policy’s important to India’s national strategy; Chapter 3 elaborated Nehru made use of international beneficial environment and relationship with China, and established the scheme of strategic buffer in the Sino-Indian border; Chapter 4 analyzed Nehru inched forward to China in the boundary issue under the incitement of the Power Thought, it caused the boundary conflict between China and India continuously escalate. Finally, Sino-Indian border war broke out; Chapter 5 analyzed the South Asia situation after the 1962 War, elaborated the adjustment of Nehru to National strategy, expressed the shock to the Nehru Power Thought on account of boundary disputes.更多还原