【作者】 苗雨；

【导师】 李洪山；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 行政管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 人口老龄化是现代社会发展的必然趋势,也是当今世界各国共同关注的问题之一。按照联合国人口老龄化社会的衡量标准,黑龙江省在2005年就已经进入人口老龄化阶段,并呈现出老龄化进一步加快的趋势。在面临人口老龄化严峻挑战的背景下,老年人的生活问题、医疗问题和精神慰藉问题越来越突出,关于选择哪一种养老模式、如何实施的争论也越来越多。在国际上,养老服务通常有家庭养老、机构养老和社区养老三种模式。在我国,以往主要采取家庭养老模式和机构养老模式。但随着社会的发展,家庭养老功能逐渐减弱,而机构养老由于成本较高、老年人心理不适应、缺少精神慰藉等缺陷也困难重重。与此相比,社区养老结合了家庭养老与机构养老的优势,必将成为养老方式的新选择。我国政府提供养老服务的方式主要有直接提供和政府购买两种。政府直接提供服务的方式存在着投入大、效率低、质量低等缺点。在新公共理论的指导下,政府在提供服务模式中引入市场竞争机制,通过购买的方式为公众提供优质、高效的服务,政府购买社区养老服务是提供养老服务的一种新形式。首先,本文的研究从世界大范围人口老龄化的历史背景入手,回顾政府购买社区养老服务在西方和国内的实践成效,并以新公共管理理论、治理理论、新公共服务理论、政府经济学以及委托代理等理论为基础,探讨政府购买社区养老服务的服务理念和运营机制的形成。其次,概述黑龙江省人口老龄化现状特征以及黑龙江省政府提供养老服务现状,分析黑龙江省政府目前提供的养老服务方式存在的问题、面临的困难及原因。在分析过程中,运用SWOT分析法对政府购买社区养老服务进行定性分析,运用灰色理论中灰色预测模型对黑龙江省政府购买社区养老服务进行定量分析。再次,在深入分析与探讨黑龙江省政府购买社区养老服务的影响因素基础上,研究与把握政府购买社区养老服务的行为要素、行为规律,提供适合黑龙江省政府购买社区养老服务的运作方式。最后,文章提出黑龙江省政府应在购买社区养老服务中推行提供科学合理的制度供给,其中包括提供政策支持和营造良好的法律环境,完善资金筹措渠道及管理,加强对民办养老机构的扶持,鼓励志愿者的参与,建立、健全监管评估机制等实施的具体措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Population aging is the inevitable trend of the development of modern society, and which is the common concerned issue around the world. According to the criteria of aging society defined by United Nations, Heilongjiang province had stepped into population aging stage in 2005, and the trend showed further accelerate. With the background of the challenge of population aging, the senior citizen living problem, medical problem and spirit comforted problem are more pressing. There are more and more controversies about endowment model of choice and how to implement.In the global, endowment service model generally includes family support of old age, institutions for old age, community for old age. In our country, family support of old age and institutions for old age are adapted mostly. With the development of society, the function of family supported form is weakened gradually, and the implementation of institutions supported endowment is difficult because of high costing, psychogenic maladjustment of senior citizens, and lack of spirit comfort. In contrast, community endowment combines the advantages of family supported endowment and institutions supported endowment, which will become a new choice for endowment. The endowment services supplied by our government include government direct provided form and government purchased form. Due to the government direct provided form existing the drawback of heavy investment, low efficiency, low quality, the local government in different levels are researching purchased service form actively. Under the guide of the new public theory, government introduced the market competition mechanism in the provided service mechanism. The high quality and efficiency service are offered through the purchase. Government purchased community endowment service is a new form of offered endowment service.In this paper, the research was performed from the history background of population aging in the worldwide scope, and the practice results of the endowment service purchased by government in the western countries was reviewed. Base on the new public management theory, governance theory, new public service theory, and trust acting, the theoretical basis, conceptions, and mechanism forming process were discussed. Secondly, through the description of the status of the population aging in Heilongjiang province and the summary of the status of endowment provided by government, the existing problem of endowment service provided by Heilongjiang province government, the difficult and reasons were analyzed and putted forward. Based on these, the influence factors of endowment service provided by Heilongjiang province government were analyzed and discussed. Through researching and holding the action factor and behavior law, the proper operation way for the endowment service of Heilongjiang province was provided. SWOT analysis method was utilized again in qualitative analysis of the endowment service of Heilongjiang province. Finally, a scientific and reasonable system was presented in the implementation of endowment service of Heilongjiang province, including the establishment of policy support and law environment building; fund resource consummation and management; strengthening the support of endowment institution which are running by the local people; voluntary participation encouragement; the establishment and healthiness of supervision and evaluation system, etc.更多还原