【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 陈国华；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 化工园区火灾事故后果严重,常造成严重人员和财产损失,事故分析表明多起恶性火灾事故与危险化学品的储存有关,因此对化工储存装置火灾事故进行调查尤为必要。物证技术是事故调查的重要手段,目前,国内外在火灾物证方面具有一定的研究,但多侧重于建筑、森林火灾物证的分析,并且事故调查多以定性经验判定为主。课题针对化工储存装置火灾事故物证分析,主要开展以下方面的研究:(1)分析化工储存装置火灾事故规律,确定化工储存装置火灾事故分析关键表征物和物证参数试验手段,得到不同冷却方式下形成的物证痕迹特征,为火灾作用温度和作用时间推断提供依据。(2)分析金属痕迹物证的形成机理,利用试验得到三种典型化工储存装置用钢变形痕迹与火灾作用温度的变化规律,提出利用物证参数推断火灾起火点的判据。(3)分析金属微观组织结构痕迹变化规律及形成机理,利用试验分析三种典型化工储存装置用钢在火灾温度作用后金属物证晶粒随火灾温度的变化规律,可据此鉴证火灾调查结论。(4)通过典型化工储存装置用钢火灾标准时间温度下变形痕迹和微观结构痕迹特征试验研究,结合火灾温度变化规律,建立抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度、延伸率与火灾作用温度的关系式,提出利用痕迹物证反推火灾作用时间的方法,为火灾事故起火点推断提供科学依据。综上所述,本文研究化工储存装置火灾事故分析物证技术,得到标准火灾时间温度下的硬度、延伸率、强度变化规律,建立利用抗拉强度、屈服强度、硬度、延伸率反推火灾作用时间的方法,为火灾蔓延方向、起火点推断提供支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the number of fire accident in chemical industry parks is increasing, which is likely to cause serious casualties and property losses. Numerous past fatal accidents have testified that the fire accidents are highly correlated with the storage of dangerous chemicals, so is necessary to investigate into Storage Installation Fire in Chemical Industrial Parks. Material evidence technology is an important approach to achieve the purpose of accident investigation. At present, the evidence of fire cause investigation is weak and lack of credibility in our country. The study of material evidence technology of chemical storage device can help accurately and quickly analyze the accident cause and provide effective guidance for the prevention of similar accidents. Some researches have studied evidence of fire investigation at home and abroad, but most of them focus on the qualitative analysis of fire accidents, which are not enough to identify the origin of fire. The project aims at their own characteristics of chemical storage fire, which are different form building fire and forest fire. Major study carried out in the following areas:Firstly, fire statistics of chemical storage device is made, and the characterization and mechanism of fire evidence of chemical storage device is studied, then the present characterization system of fire evidence of chemical storage device is gained, which can provide quantitative evidence to infer the temperature and time of fire.Secondly, According to the characteristics of fire and heat disaster mechanism of chemical storage device, the varying disciplinarians of mechanical performances in different testing temperature were gained, and the decision laws to infer fire point were given.Thirdly, According to the characteristics of fire make and heat disaster mechanism of chemical storage device, the varying disciplinarians of metallograhical performances in different testing temperature were gained, which can identify for investigation conclutions.Fourthly, according to the mechanical performances and metallograhical performances in different testing temperature, in addition to the fire characteristics, equations of mechanism between fire temperature as well as exposure time were gained. The study conclutions will offer the decision basis to fire point after the accident. Rely on above research, the establishment of accident analysis of fire evidence of chemical storage device characterization system, obtain the hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture and grain size variation of chemical storage device subjected to different fire. Base on the series of relationship curves, the location, temperature and time of fire can be judged according to the changes of mechanical properties and microstructure of chemical storage device, which can provide scientific support to determine the fire spread direction, fire point and fire reason.更多还原