【作者】 周斌；

【导师】 王圃；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前西部小城镇居民饮用水供给的特点以及常规处理工艺在满足新的水质标准方面的不足,课题组研制出了具有操作方便、占地面积小、运行成本低等特点的一体化净水装置。该装置采用双层滤料结构,设计处理能力为50m³/d。本文主要研究该装置利用“常规水处理”+“深度水处理”工艺处理长江原水（重庆市巴南区段）的效果,并对混凝剂投加量、进水流量、活性炭层厚度三种因素影响净水装置处理效果的规律进行研究,获得了适宜的运行参数。经过试验研究,净水装置性能稳定,出水水质满足国家标准的规定。主要得出以下结论:在活性炭层厚度为1.4m,进水流量为50m³/d的条件下,PAC投加量分别为17.5mg/L、19mg/L、20.5mg/L、22mg/L四种水平时,浊度总去除率在20.5mg/L时去除率最高,去除率为99.03%⁹9.45%;随着PAC投加量的增加,COD_Mn的总去除率是提高的,去除率为64.29%⁶8.02%;混凝剂投加量的增加与NH₃-N总去除率之间不存在线性关系,去除率为55.08%⁵5.40%。在活性炭层厚度为1.4m,PAC投加量为20.5mg/L的条件下,进水流量分别为30m³/d、40m³/d、50m³/d、60m³/d四种水平时,随着进水流量的增加:浊度总去除率变化幅度较小,去除率为99.33%⁹9.53%;COD_Mn、NH₃-N的总去除率呈下降趋势,去除率分别为63.97%⁶8.36%、53.55%⁶2.86%。在进水流量为50m³/d,混凝剂（聚合氯化铝PAC）投加量为20.5mg/L的条件下,活性炭层厚度分别为0.8m、1.0m、1.2m、1.4m四种水平时,随着活性炭层厚度的增加:浊度总去除率略呈上升趋势,但变化幅度不大,去除率为99.37%⁹9.71%;COD_Mn的总去除率是上升的,去除率为54.71%⁶7.72%;NH₃-N的总去除率也是上升的,去除率为48.12%⁵6.17%。在试验中发现,装置受原水水质变化的影响有限,具备一定的抗冲击负荷的能力。为了确定不同条件下的运行参数,进行了正交试验,得出了在以去除不同指标为目的的情况下,混凝剂投加量、进水流量、活性炭层厚度的适宜取值。进行了反冲洗试验,确定本装置的运行周期为24h,设计反冲洗强度采用15L/m²·s,反冲洗时间为8min,并伴以不定期的表面水反冲。采用重力排泥,根据每天的实际情况,排泥次数采用1²次/日,特殊情况下可增加排泥次数。本文对一体化净水装置的经济性及应用前景作了简要分析,结果表明在设计流量下制水成本为0.705元/m³,具备一定的经济优势,能够满足三峡库区小城镇的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the features of the water supply and the deficiency of conventional treatment process in western small towns, an Integrated Water Purifier has been designed, which has the characteristics of convenient operation, small floor area and low running cost. It has double-layer filter structure, the design treatment capacity is 50m³/d.We have research on treatment effects to Yangtze River in Chongqing Banan by using the equipment with "Conventional treatment"+"Advanced treatment", the law of operational factors and backwashing tests. Meanwhile the appropriate operating parameters are got experimentally, and the improvement advices are brought forward. Through the study, we find the treatment performance is stable, and result is good. Experimental study showed that:Have a research on Integrated Water Purifier’s removal performance in the conditions of different coagulant （PAC） dosage of 17.5mg/L, 19mg/L, 20.5mg/L, 22mg/L, while activated carbon layer thickness is 1.4m, influent flow is 50m³/d, with the increase of the coagulant dosage: total removal rate of turbidity reach the maximum when coagulant dosage is 20.5mg/L; the total removal rate of COD_Mn rises from 64.29%⁶8.02%; the total removal rate of NH₃-N is 55.08%⁵5.40%, and it doesn’t have linear relationship with the increase of coagulant dosage.In the conditions of different influent flow of 30m³/d,40m³/d,50m³/d,60m³/d, while activated carbon layer thickness is 1.4m, coagulant （PAC） dosage is 20.5mg/L, with the increase of the influent flow: the total removal rate of turbidity’s change range is small, with 99.33%⁹9.53%; the total removal rate of COD_Mn shows downward trend, with 63.97%⁶8.36%, as well as NH₃-N of 53.55%⁶2.86%.In the conditions of different activated carbon layer thickness of 0.8m, 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.4m, while influent flow is 50m³/d, coagulant （PAC） dosage is 20.5mg/L, with the increase of the thickness of activated carbon layer: the total removal rate of turbidity shows slightly upward trend with 99.37%⁹9.71%; the total removal performance of COD_Mn is improved, with 54.71%⁶7.72%; the total removal rate of NH₃-N rises from 48.12% to 56.17%.The impact of changes in raw water quality on removal performance is limited, which shows the equipment has resistance to impact load. Through the orthogonal experiment, the appropriate operating parameters can be obtained.Through the backwashing tests, running period is decided as 24h, backwashing intensity as 15L/m²·s, HRT as 8 min. Using gravity to discharge sludge, the frequency is 1² times per day which can be increased in special condition.The operation cost of the equipment for water purification in Yangtze River in Chongqing Banan are analyzed, the cost of water purification is 0.705RMB/m³, which shows a certain advantage. It can satisfy the requirement of small cities and towns of the Three Gorges reservoir area.更多还原