【作者】 张丽娜；

【导师】 巴丽；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 政治经济学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 中美两国贸易关系于1972年得以恢复。由于两国存在互利互补的经济结构特征,中美两国贸易发展十分迅速。1993-2008年是中美贸易发展的一个比较重要的阶段。在该阶段内,中国扭转了对美贸易逆差的态势,且贸易顺差额逐年上升,中国对美国的贸易规模迅速扩大。目前,美国已跃升为中国的第二大贸易伙伴,在中国的对外贸易中占据着非常重要的地位。本文主要对1993-2008年中国-美国贸易条件的变化特征及主要影响因素进行了分析。通过收集大量的数据,并利用帕氏价格指数和拉式数量指数对之进行计算整理,测算出1993-2008年中国-美国贸易条件指数,计算结果表明,自1993年以来,中国对美国的总体价格贸易条件指数、初级产品价格贸易条件指数和工业制成品价格贸易条件指数均呈现下降态势,其中,工业制成品的价格贸易条件指数下降幅度最大。由于出口数量的扩大,出口数量指数迅速攀升,总体收入贸易条件指数、初级产品收入贸易条件指数和工业制成品收入贸易条件指数均呈逐年上升状态,其中又属工业制成品的收入贸易条件指数上升幅度最大。在测算出贸易条件指数之后,本文又对影响中美贸易指数变化的主要因素进行了分析。来自中国方面的主要影响因素有中国对美出口结构、经济增长、关税和出口退税等贸易措施；来自美国的主要影响因素有美国对华反倾销反补贴措施、美国的高消费模式和美国对华直接投资。在对上述因素进行分析之后,本文预测未来一段时间内中美价格贸易条件仍会恶化,但恶化程度将有所缓解；收入贸易条件仍会改善。并提出,若想改善中美贸易条件,可从转变外贸增长方式,加快产业结构升级、优化出口商品结构,引导外商投资流向等几方面入手。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1972 the trade relationship of China and the USA was resumed, the trade between China and the USA has developed rapidly because of the mutual complementary economic structure characteristics. Now, the USA has been the second largest trading partner of China. It is important to Chinese foreign trade. The period from 1993 to 2008 is an important stage.In this stage, the import and export from China to the United States has expanded rapidly. China Not only gets rid of the trade deficit, but also maintains the trade surplus in a long term.And the trade surplus is enlarging still now.In this paper, we focuse on the trade conditions between China and the USA in the period from 1993 to 2008. We collected large amounts of data and calculated the data with the Pasche price index formula and the Laspeyres Quantity index formula in order to measure the terms of trade. The result shows that the net barter terms of trade index of whole products and the net barter terms of trade index of the primary products and the net barter terms of trade industrial products has declined together since the year of 1993.And the prices terms of trade of industrial products had the greatest reduction. Due to the export quantity index rising rapidly, the net barter terms of trade index of whole products and the income terms of trade index of the primary products and the income terms of trade industrial products has increased together since the year of 1993. And the income terms of trade of industrial products rose up the most rapidly. After measuring the terms of trade,we studied the four most important factors which includes foreign trade policy, the economic growth, the export commodity structure, the FDI from the USA to China and so on. Then, we can predict that the net barter terms of trade will still worse and the income terms of trade will still be improved in the future. Finally, we come to a conclusion that we can improve the terms of trade through three approach.First, we should transform the foreign trade growth mode. Secondly, we should accelerate the upgrading of the industrial structure, and optimize the mix of export commodities. Thirdly, we should guide foreign investment direction to the area where we need.更多还原