【作者】 张军；

【导师】 缪瑞林； 戴其根； 张洪程；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2007-2008年在江苏淮北稻区东海县平明镇进行,以该稻区麦茬稻为研究对象,选取有代表性的超级稻品种徐稻3号为试验材料,在高、中、低三种不同地力水平的麦茬田上设置6个施氮水平,系统研究了施氮量对徐稻3号产量及其形成、稻米品质、氮素吸收利用等的影响,以期为该区水稻高产、优质、高效生产中氮肥的合理施用提供参考。主要研究结果如下:1.不同地力水平上的施氮量与徐稻3号产量均呈显著的二次回归方程关系,由方程推导出徐稻3号在高、中、低地力土壤上的最高产量分别为716.5kg/667m2、652.5kg/667m2、584.8㎏/667m2,对应的施氮量为17.4kg/667m2、19.4㎏/667m2、22.8㎏/667m2。在高、中、低三种地力最佳施氮量条件下,均有对应的较大的安全库容,即既有足够的穗数又同时形成较高的每穗粒数,并都获得正常的结实率与千粒重。该类群体拥有相对合理的茎蘖动态、适宜的叶面积指数、较大的光合势、较高的净同化率及群体生长速率。由此可见,生产过程中必须因地力水平的高低,确定不同的水稻目标产量和相对应的施氮量。2.超级稻徐稻3号在三种地力土壤上表现出随施氮量增加,出糙率、精米率、整精米率均呈现线性增大的趋势。垩白率在高、中、低三种地力及其不同施氮量条件下有显著或极显著性差异,三种地力上垩白率随施氮量增加,均呈线性下降的趋势,但变化幅度较小,高地力上不同施氮量条件下的垩白率整体上要显著高于中、低地力;三种地力之间的垩白度差异不大,随地力水平降低,垩白度有所下降,但变化幅度较小,且不同地力及施氮处理间无明显变化规律。蒸煮食味方面,高、中、低三种地力直链淀粉含量随施氮量增加呈线性下降趋势,不同地力之间表现出低地力>中地力>高地力的趋势,胶稠度变化趋势与直链淀粉变化趋势相反。至于RVA特征值,在同一地力水平下随施氮量增加,峰值粘度、热浆粘度、崩解值、最终粘度、回复值呈下降趋势,消减值呈上升趋势,峰值粘度时间与糊化温度无明显变化规律。经比较分析看出高、中、低三种地力的最佳稻米品质对应的施氮量分别为16.9kg/667m2、19.1kg/667m2、22.4kg/667m2。3.徐稻3号前期及中期吸氮量与施氮量均存在显著线性正相关关系,后期随施氮量增加先增加后降低;氮素阶段性积累量与吸氮量的变化趋势相同;高、中、低三种地力后期的氮素吸收强度表现出高地力<中地力<低地力的趋势;氮肥的吸收效率和氮肥的农艺利用率在各地力条件下均是9.9 kg/667m2处理上最高。各地力水平上在不同施氮量下,由于水稻氮素吸收转移等多方面因素的综合作用,都出现了各自相对的最高氮肥表观利用率,高地力为46.82%,中地力位44.37%,低地力为39.81%,而这种最高氮肥表观利用率随地力水平的提高而显著上升,相反取得最高氮肥表观利用率的对应施氮量却是高地力的较小,高、中、低地力条件下的水稻最高氮肥表观利用率分别出现在施氮量为17.1kg/667m2、18.9kg/667m2、22.9 kg/667m2的处理上。因此徐稻3号生产中要取得氮肥施用的高效,必须因地力水平的高低确定不同的合理施氮量。从水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收利用三方面进行综合分析,可以认为徐稻3号在不同地力土壤上的适宜施氮范围,分别为高地力15～17㎏/667m2,中地力18～20㎏/667m2,低地力为21～23㎏/667m2,此施氮范围可以作为该区徐稻3号因地力合理确定施氮量的基本依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The test was carried on in the ping ming town of dong hai of Huai bei reigion of Jang Su in 2007-2009,taking the rice as an object which is in the south of Huang huai region after wheat. In this district, choose representative seed—Up Dao 3 as materials, six nitrogen levels was set up after rice in three kinds of high, middle and low different fertility levels field. This test had systematically studied nitrogen application rate on rice yield and its composition, physical production index, the quality and the effect of nitrogen uptake and utilization etc, for the rice high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency production provides theory basis. The main result of study was following:1. There were prominent conic section relation among the nitrogen application rate and output at very fertility level. By equation can calculate the maximum yield of Xu Dao 3 in high, middle and low fertility soil, respectively were 716.5㎏·667m-2,652.5㎏·667m-2,584.8㎏·667m-2.The appropriate nitrogen application rate which the high-yield rice needed in the high ,middle and low fertility,respectively were 17.4㎏·667m-2,19.4㎏·667m-2,22.8㎏·667m-2. In the three best nitrogen fertility conditions, have corresponding safety capacity storage, there is enough grain output and coordinate corresponding higher panicle. The group also has the reasonable formation dynamic, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, the net assimilation rate and high growth rate. So in supper rice Xu Dao 3 production process,different target yield and corresponding nitrogen should be made with the level of fertility.2.The brown rice rate、head rice rate、perfect head rice rate of super rice Xu Dao 3 showed the linear trend according with the increasing quantity of N at three different fertility level. The chalkiness ratio exhibited significant and very significant differences at the different nitrogen and fertility level, chalkiness ratio which showed the linear downtrend following the increasing of nitrogen ,high fertility was significantly higher than medium and low fertility; there was little difference of the chalkiness degree among the three different kinds of soil, the chalkiness degree dropped slightly according with the fertility levels, but the change was slight ,there was no obvious rule at the different nitrogen and fertility levels. The cooking and eating ,the amylase exhibited the linear downtrend at the different nitrogen and fertility levels, the high fertility was higher than medium and low fertility level; the gel consistency showed the opposite trend as the amylase; the eight eigenvalue of the up Xu Dao 3 at different nitrogen and fertility level, which the peakviscosity, hotpaste viscosity,breakdown value, final viscosity, recovery showed downtrend, elimination showed the uptrend,peak viscosity and temperature variation law were not obvious. After analysis of screening,when the nitrogen respectively was 14.9㎏·667m-2、19.8 kg·667m-2、24.8 kg·667m-2,the rice quality was best.3. The nitrogen uptake of Up Dao 3 showed significant linear positive correlation with the nitrogen at the early and middle growing stage, which showed the first increased and then decreased trend at the late growing stage; the stage accumulation of nitrogen showed the same trend as the nitrogen uptake; the nitrogen uptake intensity showed the trend that, the high fertility>medium fertility>low fertility; when nitrogen application rate was 9.9㎏·667m-2,absorption efficiency of nitrogen and agricultural utilization ratio of the nitrogen were both the highest under every fertility condition. Because of the comprehensive functions of rice nitrogen of factor in many aspects of absorbing and shifting etc, each treatment of nitrogen application rate at different fertility levels appeared relative supreme nitrogen use efficiency. But this kind of nitrogen use efficiency rose notably with the improvement of the fertility level, on the contrary, the corresponding nitrogen application rate what could achieve the supreme nitrogen use efficiency was relatively small on high fertility, the supreme nitrogen use efficiency of rice under the high medium and low fertility condition appeared in the treatments which nitrogen application rates were 17.1㎏·667m-2、18.9㎏·667m-2、22.9㎏·667m-2separately.Therefore, to obtain the high-efficient of nitrogen utilization in rice production, different accurate nitrogen application rates should bee made with the level of the fertility.By studying the rice yield, quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization of corresponding analysis, namely rice high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency nitrogen, take the same part of the N, could get the appropriate nitrogen application at the three different soil fertility, this can be as the reference scope of nitrogen, respectively was the high fertility 15～17 kg·667m-2,the middle 18～20 kg·667 m-2,the low21～23 kg·667m-2.更多还原