【作者】 戴春雷；

【导师】 刘晓艳；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 地球化学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 石油的开采、储存、运输、加工和石化产品生产等过程中的漏油及突发性泄油事故致使大量的石油进入环境,造成油田土壤的污染十分严重。在发展生产的同时有效地保护环境是目前迫切需要解决的一个重要课题。本文选择大庆典型且油污分布范围较广的黑钙土、沼泽土和盐碱土为受试土壤,把典型土壤与高浓度油污土分别按4:1、2:1、1:1、1:2的比例进行混合,将已有的种子根据各种类型土壤上的植物分布情况广泛搭配组合种植,经过一段时间,对复合植物修复系统作用后的土壤中油污含量进行检测分析,相对于实验空白计算土壤油污的去除率,来研究复合植物系统的修复效果,筛选出优势的复合植物系统。实验结果表明,不同类型土壤,不同的油污浓度,复合植物系统的油污去除率不同。如在油污黑钙土中,土油比4:1时,1-4马兰-谷子-福禄考-爬山虎-大蓟-生菜复合植物系统修复效果较好,105天时去除率可达68.5%;土油比2:1时,1-1益母草-萝藦-步登高-蒿子-苜蓿-油蒿复合植物系统修复效果最好,105天时去除率达62.5%。本文又以pH值、营养元素、土油比例和微生物控制因素为影响因素,来研究如何通过人为改变环境条件来提高复合植物系统对油污的去除率,结果表明:在保持其他条件不变的前提下,在一定范围内,提高土壤的pH值、营养元素含量或微生物控制因素的量等因素对植物降解石油有明显的促进作用,而提高土壤样品的油污量,复合植物系统的降解率均呈下降趋势。同时本文又根据大庆地区的实际情况,建立了一套复合植物系统对油污土壤的处理方法,并对复合植物系统进行油污土壤修复的可行性做了评价,提出了一些改善土壤状况,提高油污降解率的有效措施和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil leakages are including the petroleum’s exploration, storage, transportation, processing, and in the process of petrifaction products as well as the leakage by oil outburst accidents. These leakages can force plenty of petroleum into the environment and lead to pollution. Pollution of oil field soil are an extremely serious issue.In this passage, we choose chernozem, swamp soil, and saline alkali soil, which is the typical, most wide-spread oil staining the soil of Daqing. The typical soil and the high concentration of oil-contaminated soil are mixed according to the proportion of 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2; with the seeds of the plants in proportion to the distribution of various types of soil with a broad portfolio of cultivation. After a period, the role of composite repair system of plants alter the oil content of the soil test analysis and calculate relative to the blank experiment greasy soil removal, to study the effect of composite plant system rehabilitation, screening out the advantages of the composite plant system. The results show different types of soil, different oil concentrations and the oil removal compound in different plant systems. For example, in the oil-polluted chernozem, Soil-oil ratio 4:1, 1-4 Maryland - Millet - Phlox - Parthenocissus - Japanese Thistle Herb - lettuce combined effects of good repair plant systems, 105 day removal of up to 68.5%; soil-oil ratio 2:1 ,1-1 Motherwort - Asclepiadaceae - step climb - Artemisia sieversiana Willd - clover - Oil Rehabilitation composite plant Artemisia best, 105 day removal rate reached 62.5%.In this passage, pH value, nutrition elements, oil-soil ratios and microbes differently influence factors such as to research how to change the environment to increase degradation rate by the composite plants systems. Hence, the results show the control factors of soil’s pH value, nutrition elements, oil-soil ratios and microbes, etc. under certain circumstances in which others factors are not changed. The factors on plant degradation of the petroleum have obvious effects, meanwhile, microbes have promote degradation of the petroleum. While increasing the oil stain quality of the sample, composite plants systems degradation rates shows the decreasing tendency. Meanwhile, this passage is based on the Daqing territorial situation establish a set of composite plants systems of oil stain degradation methods, and evaluate the composite plants systems as they restore the oil-polluted soil. In conclusion, a number of improved soil conditions, enhance the oil degradation rate of effective measures and methods.更多还原