中国光污染防治立法研究

【作者】 黄殊涵；

【导师】 李艳岩；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 环境与资源保护法， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 光像水和空气一样,是人类生存必不可少的元素。然而随着社会经济的飞速发展,光污染问题日益凸显。光污染会影响植物生长节律,导致植物错季节生长；会伤害昆虫和动物,使动物不分昼夜,影响动物的生物钟；会损害人类的身心健康,导致各种疾病和心理问题。另外,国家正在积极倡导低碳经济,光污染也会造成国家能源浪费。在自然科学方面,光和光污染研究已经有了丰硕的科学成果,但是在法律方面,光污染防治立法工作现在还尚未起步。我国目前尚未有光污染防治的单行法,宪法、民法通则、环境保护法中也没有具体提及光污染问题,致使我国光污染防治工作无法可循,光污染损害纠纷无法可依。要改变这种情况,使光污染防治工作步入法制化规范化的轨道,就要加强光污染防治立法,建立我国光污染防治立法制度。鉴于此,本文从国内外光污染防治立法现状着手进行理论综述；结合光污染的特点、危害和我国国情对光污染防治进行概述；以我国光污染防治诉讼现状、现行行政管理体制、立法现状及其缺陷为切入点,谈出我国光污染防治立法的必要性；借鉴国外先进光污染防治立法实践与经验,谈出对我国光污染防治立法的启示以及我国光污染防治立法的可行性；最后一章提出我国光污染防治的立法理念,提出制定我国光环境标准,并基于现实角度对立法模式的选择提出建议,建议完善光污染防治的基本法律原则和行政管理体制,建立健全环境监管体系提出我国光污染防治立法的创新制度,这也是本文的创新之处,最后建议制定严格的光污染法律责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid social and economic development, light also becomes an essential element of human survival like water and air. However, light pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Light pollution can affect the rhythm of plant growth, resulting abnormal growth in different seasons. It also hurts the insects and animals as well as human being by imposing obvious effects on the biological clock, leading to various diseases and psychological problems. Light pollution can also cause a waste of national energy, thus many countries have initiated low-carbon economy to overcome it. Despite advancement in raveling light pollution in the natural sciences, light pollution legislation has not yet been proposed. The laws with respect to controlling light pollution has not promulgated yet in China, and some of the existing laws such as Constitution, Civil Law, the Environmental Protection Law do not specifically mention this issue. This reality results in the fact that no law could be followed in the light pollution prevention and its damage dispute. In this situation, to make it legal and standardized, a special "Light Pollution Prevention and Control Law" is urgent to be proposed for the establishment of Light Pollution Prevention and Control legislative system in China.Combined with the characteristics of light pollution and China’s national conditions, China’s light pollution prevention has been summarized on basis of the legislative status of domestic and international light pollution prevention in the present work. The legislative necessity of light pollution prevention has been emphasized from the current situation of China’s light pollution prevention actions, the current administrative structure and legislative status and defects. According to the advanced practice and experience in the abroad light pollution prevention legislation, the feasibility of light pollution legislation in China has been discussed, and we proposed our innovative ideas for light pollution prevention legislation. Finally, we give proposal to China’s legal soul of light pollution prevention, and suggest mode of law, establish China’s criterion of light entironment, offer proposals for improving the administrative management system of light pollution prevention, the environmental monitoring system and the legal system. Bring forward system of innovation of China’s light pollution prevention legislation and establish strict liability of light pollution prevention.更多还原