【作者】 林小勇；

【导师】 邵庆均；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 养殖类， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 磷是水产动物所必需的微量营养成分。本研究以花鲈幼鱼为对象,研究饲料磷对花鲈幼鱼生长、鱼体常规营养成分含量、组织磷含量的影响,并探讨其对饲料中总磷的适宜需要量。选取同一放养批次、体质健康的花鲈幼鱼,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,平均体重23.55±0.17g,进行为期56d的养殖试验。由饲料原料及磷源磷酸二氢钠配制成总磷含量分别为0.49%(基础饲料),0.71%、0.90%、1.12%、1.32%和1.59%的六种饲料。六种饲料随机分配给六组试验鱼。试验期间每天投喂两次(8：00和16：00),每次投喂时间约为40 min,以饱食状态为准。养殖试验期间水温保持在28±1℃,溶解氧大于5 mg/L。养殖试验结束后,采集全鱼样品,并对所有试验鱼进行剖杀后收集肌肉样品,分析、计算花鲈幼鱼的饲养指标和饲料指标,进行常规营养成分、磷含量的分析。养殖试验结果表明,饲料中磷的添加能够促进花鲈幼鱼的生长。随着饲料中磷添加水平的提高,花鲈幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)呈先升后降的趋势,饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)随饲料磷水平(0.49～0.90%)上升而增加,当饲料磷水平大于0.90%时进入平台期。饲料中磷的添加水平对花鲈幼鱼的肝体指数没有显著影响(P>0.05),但肥满度随着饲料磷水平的升高而显著下降(P<0.05)。对肌肉和全鱼常规成分分析表明,饲料磷对花鲈幼鱼肌肉及全鱼中的水分、蛋白和脂肪含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),全鱼粗灰分、钙、磷含量随饲料磷水平增加显著增加(P<0.05),肌肉粗灰分、钙、磷含量受饲料磷影响显著(P<0.05)但变化趋势不明显。以增重率为评价指标,得到在水温28±1℃,溶解氧大于5mg/L的条件下,花鲈幼鱼(23.55±0.17g)对饲料中磷的适宜需要量为1.71%,即17.1g/kg饲料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phosphorus is an essential micronutrient for aquatic animals. This study aims to research the effects of different levels of dietary phosphorus on growth, body proximate composition, tissue phosphorus content and biochemical parameters, and then to deduce the optimum requirement of dietary phosphorus for Japanese perch juveniles.Six diets containing the basal diet were formulated to contain different levels of dietary phosphorus (0.49%,0.71%,0.90%,1.12%,1.32% and 1.59%) from ingredient and monosodium phosphate. Diets were randomly allotted into six groups of fish. Each group with three replicate of 25 fish (initial mean weight,23.55±0.17 g). Fish were fed twice daily (0800 h and 1600 h) to visual satiation within 40 min each time for 8 weeks. Water temperature was 28±1℃and the dissovled oxygen was above 5 mg/L during the growth trial. At the end of the trial, whole fish and dorsal muscles were collected for proximate composition, calcium and phosphorus analysis, growth parameters were also calculated at the same time.The growth trial suggested that the supplementation of dietary phosphorus could improve the growth of Lateolabrax japonicus. Weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were improved by the elevation of dietary phosphorus (P<0.05) and reached the maximum at the level of 1.12%. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) as well as feed efficiency (FE) were enhanced by 0.49%～0.90% dietary phosphorus and then leveled off when the level was higher than 0.90%. No significance existed in condition factor (CF) of Lateolabrax japonicus fed different levels of phosphorus (P>0.05), whereas HSI (hepatosomatic indice) were significantly improved by dietary phosphorus.Proximate analysis of dorsal muscle and whole fish showed that the contents of moisture, crude lipid and crude protein were similar among all the treatments. Whole-body crude ash, calcium and phosphorus were positively increased by dietary phosphorus (P<0.05). Crude ash, calcium and phosphorus of dorsal muscle were significantly influenced by dietary phosphorus (P<0.05), but no obvious trends were found between them.Based on weight gain rate of juvenile Japanese sea perch, we can conclude that when the water temperature is 28±1℃and dissolved oxygen was above 5mg/L, the optimum requirement of dietary phosphorus for Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles of an initial mean weight of 23.55±0.17g, is 1.71% or 17.1 g per kilogram dry diet.更多还原