【作者】 王娟；

【导师】 罗世辉；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 发展重载运输,大幅度地提高重载列车运能是铁路扩能提效的一种有效途径,也已成为我国铁路货运的发展方向。随着重载列车编组的扩大、轴重的增加和运营速度的提高,行车安全问题日渐突出,比如重载机车在制动工况下的脱轨问题。本论文针对该问题,以采用不同钩缓装置的重载列车为例,提出车钩钩尾销处的等效刚度概念,分析了纵向压力作用下钩缓装置的稳钩原理、车钩自由偏转角度复位能力对动力学性能影响。本论文综合机车结构和钩缓装置结构,建立了一个较完整的重载列车动力学分析模型,用以分析牵引重载列车的机车在直线和曲线上的运行动力学性能,准确评估重载机车的行车安全性,为重载机车钩缓装置的选型提供理论依据。分析表明,对于具有大摆角和钩肩复位能力的钩缓装置,一旦因各种原因失去复位能力,在车钩承受大的纵向压力时(如机车实施电制动时),必然会因车钩水平倾摆失稳而导致车轴横向力长时间超过标准限制而导致扩轨掉道的事故；对于不具备钩肩复位能力的小摆角车钩,由于止挡的作用,较少发生车轴横向力持续超标的现象,但由于车钩水平摆动到止挡的过程没有足够的缓冲,易形成冲击力,可能使车轴横向力瞬时超过标准限制,这种瞬时超标现象引发的单次事故具有偶然性,从长期运用看有必然性。通过本文的研究工作,希望能为我国重载机车的安全运行有所贡献,为以后分析重载列车的动力学性能提供一定的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing the heavy haul transportation and increase the transportation ability of the heavy haul train deeply is an efficiency method to expand the ability of railway transportation; at the same time it becomes the main way that the railway freight development in China. With the increase of the heavy haul train marsh, the increase of wheel load and the improvement of the running speed, the running safety problem turn more and more serious, such as the derailment of the heavy haul locomotive during the dynamic brake case. Aimed to above this problem, take the heavy haul train in which the different couple draft gears were adopted as an example, put forward the concept of coupler yoke equivalent stiffness first, and then analyses the coupler stability principle of the coupler draft gear under the longitudinal push force and the influence of the free rotation angle of the coupler to the dynamic performance of the heavy haul locomotive.Based on the structure of the locomotive and the coupler draft gears, the integrity heavy haul train dynamic model was setup by the dynamic simulation software. The dynamic performance of the heavy haul locomotive on the tangent track and curve track were researched through the dynamic simulation of the heavy haul train dynamic model. The running safety of the heavy haul locomotive was estimated by it and which also can give a theory basis for the choice of the coupler draft gear of the heavy haul train.The analyses and simulation results shown that for the coupler draft gears with a large rotation angle and automatic reset ability of coupler horn, once the ability disappeared by some reasons, when coupler been under the function of a larger push force (such as when the locomotives apply the electric brake), coupler horizontal tilting will instability and lateral forces of the wheel set will exceed the standard restrict greatly for quite a long time, this then resulting in the gauge-widen and the happen of the derailment accidents. For the coupler with a small rotation angle and no reset ability of the coupler horn, because of the function of the stopper, there are few accidents about the lateral force beyond the restriction of the standard. But there is not enough buffering function during the coupler horizontal tilting reach to the stopper, this leading impact forces easily and making the lateral forces beyond the restriction. Although this exceeding has contingency for the occurring of the single accident, it is necessary from the point of view of long-term service.Through the concerned work of coupler draft gear of the heavy haul train, it is expected to make some contribution to the running safety of heavy haul trains and provide the theory basis for the research of heavy haul train dynamics performance.更多还原