【作者】 李建华；

【导师】 盛爱萍；

【作者基本信息】 温州大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从双关辞格的定义和分类入手,阐明了语音双关、语义双关、语法双关、语境双关的特点,并以此作为语用原则与汉语双关辞格研究的起点。格赖斯合作原则包括质的准则、量的准则、方式准则、关系准则及各自的次准则,违反它们就会产生会话含义。会话含义具有五个特征:可取消性、不可分离性、可推断性、非规约性、不确定性。结合会话含义的五个特征,本文分析了上述四种双关的隐含意义特征。列文森三原则是对格赖斯合作原则的发展,被称为“新格赖斯会话含义理论”,其中的信息原则对双关辞格具有独到的解释力。第一章第二节以信息原则为基础,结合方式原则、量原则、徐盛桓语用推导实施规则对双关的建构和解读进行了分析,并从显性信息和隐性信息的角度阐述了双关解读的过程。利奇的礼貌原则包括六条准则,每条准则又包括两条次则。第二章第一节以双关辞格为例讲述了礼貌原则与合作原则相互补益的关系,并认为双关语的得体性是礼貌原则的级别性、合适性的体现,还从礼貌原则之不足的角度分析了双关的偏离。面子、面子威胁以及礼貌策略是布朗和列文森的礼貌论的重要内容。第二节以礼貌论为着眼点,考察了礼貌论可用于双关分析的语用理据,双关语的语用特点,双关语中的正面面子威胁和负面面子威胁,以及双关语对负面礼貌策略的体现和间接性礼貌策略的体现。双关辞格在运用中出现偏离,往往与表达者没有充分考虑接受者的接受能力,没有给接受者必要的明确提示相关联。结合斯帕伯和威尔逊的关联原则,参照双关运用中出现的偏离现象,第三章第一节提出了运用双关辞格必须注意的两个使用条件。第二节着重阐述了关联原则的明示推理对双关的建构和解读具有独到解释力的观点,指出动态语境观在双关语理解中的价值,同时认为双关语关联性的大小、所产生的语境效果的强弱是接受者解读双关的关键因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Starting with the definition and classification of the Chinese pun, this paper elaborated the characteristics of the pun on sounds, the pun on semantic meanings, the pun on grammar, the pun on context, and by this we began our studies on the "pragmatic principles and the Chinese puns".Grice’s cooperative principle which consists of four conversational maxims: quantity maxim, quality maxim, relation maxim and manner maxim. Therefore, if the expresser will violated any of these maxims deliberately they would convey the pragmatic meaning except for the literal meaning. The pragmatic meaning has five characteristics: cancellability, calculability, non-detachability, non-conventionality, and indeterminacy. Combining with the five characteristics of the pragmatic meaning, this paper has analyzed the meanings of the four kinds of puns.The Levinson’s three principles, which called "Neo-Gricean theory of conversational implicature", are the development of Grice’s cooperative principle. The information principle, one of the Levinson’s three principles, has the original explanation strength to the puns. The second section of the first chapter which took the information principle as the foundation analyzed the construction and explanation of the pun. Combined the information principle with the principle of quantity, the principle of manner, and Xu Shenghuan implementation rule, the second section of the first chapter elaborated also the explanation processes of the pun from the angle of apparent information and latent information.Leech’s politeness principle includes six Maxims; each Maxim includes two subsidiary one. The first section of the second chapter elaborated the mutual beneficial relations of politeness principle and the cooperative principle. This chapter also elaborated that the pun’s appropriation manifested the gradations and appropriateness of the politeness principle, and also analyzed the causes of the deviation of pun from the insufficiency of politeness principle. The face, the face threat as well as politeness strategy are the important contents of Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory.The second section of the second chapter take politeness theory as the objective point to inspect politeness theory, which can used to analyze the pun, the pragmatic characteristics of the pun, the positive face threat and the negative face threat in pun, as well as pun’s manifestation to negative politeness strategy and indirect politeness strategy.The phenomenon of the pun’s deviation in the utilization, often connected with the expresser had not considered fully the receiver’s acceptable ability, not given the receptor essential and clear enough implication. Combined with Sperber and Wilson’s relevance principle, in reference the deviation phenomenon in the utilization of pun, the first section of third chapter proposed the two exploitation conditions we must pay attention to in the utilization of pun. The second section of the third chapter had expounded emphatically the viewpoint of which the ostensive-inference of the relevance principle has original explanation strength to the pun’s construction and the explanation, and pointed out the value of the dynamic linguistic environment view in the pun understanding, expounded that the size of pun’s relevance and the contextual effect are the keys to the receiver who want to understand the pun.更多还原