【作者】 周文；

【导师】 盛跃东；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球化的发展,语码转换成为世界性语言交换现象。它指的是双语者在同一话轮或不同的话论交替使用两种语言或两种语言变体。今天人们比以往有更多的机会与世界上其他地方的人进行交流。很多人都掌握了不只一种语言或语言变体,因此在交流中从一种语言转换到另一种语言是不可避免的现象,并且在学术界也引起了很多的关注。当然在中国,为了尽快的融合到国际化的社会中去,越来越多的人开始不遗余力的学习英语。除此之外,大部分的中国人至少会说一种地方方言并同时掌握了普通话,所以在日常谈话中语码转化的现象也非常普遍。接受高等教育的大学生作为一个特殊的社会群体,他们的语言使用有很多的研究价值。因此本研究对校园语码转换现象作了一个初步的分析,着重探讨了影响语码转换的各种因素和动机。首先,通过仔细的研究国内外这一领域的重要理论,这篇论文分别阐释了语码转换的五种不同分类和从不同角度的五种研究方法。其中Verschueren的“语言顺应论”和于国栋的“语码转换的顺应模式”是其中重要的代表,被应用到语码转换的动机分析中。在这些理论基础上,本论文主要是从语言,社会和心理方面展开动机的讨论并通过定量和定性的分析来进行论证。定性分析的方法主要是通过长期观察和访问的方式,收集第一手的相关语料并进行分类整理。这是在日常与大学生长期交流日积月累的结果。由于精力有限和在理解各种方言上的能力不足,收集的语料主要是校园日常谈话中出现的汉英语码转换。通过对精心选择的个案进行分析,两点关于校园语码转换动机的结论可以很容易的得出。第一点,双语者把语码转换作为一种交际策略,通过在不同的情景下选择不同的语码来实现各种特定的目标和增强交流的有效性。交替使用两种语言或语言变体已经被大学生广泛的接受和认可。第二点,通过实例分析,校园语码转换的动机主要分为语言动机,社会动机和心理动机三类。在相应的每一类下还有三种不同的再次分类,比如填补语言空缺,表现社会地位,软化语气等等。除此之外,定量方法是通过问卷调查的形式得出数据进行分析。问卷作为定性研究的一个重要补充,着重揭示了校园语码转换的频率,形式,性别因素的影响,以及大学生对于这一语言转换现象的态度。更为重要的是,通过数据调查各种不同的转换动机在问卷中也有全面的体现。而数据分析的结果与定性方法得出了结论是基本一致的,这也证实了这一研究的价值。这一分析对于校园语码转换的理解上增添了新的认识,尤其是对转换动机的研究提供了一定的借鉴。从长远来看,语码转换在校园日常交流中还将长期存在。这是非常有趣的现象。而这一领域的研究也必将引起长期的学术关注。随着社会发展的不断加快和语言交流的推进,关于语码转换的一些新的见解正在形成。这一领域将来的研究仍然具有很大的空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Code-switching is a worldwide language variation phenomenon with the development of globalization. It refers to two different languages or language varieties alternatively used by bilinguals in the same or different speech turns. People have more opportunities to come into contact with each other around the world than ever. It is very common for many of them to have a good command of more than one language or language variety. So the switching from one language to another in the communication becomes unavoidable and receives great academic attention.As well, there is an increasing number of people who spare no effort to learn English in China to meet the urgent need of blending into the global world. Code-switching frequently occurs in daily conversation since many of Chinese people can speak at least one dialect and Mandarin at the same time. For college students as a special group in society, their language use is of great value to study. Therefore, this thesis aims to carry out a preliminary analysis of code-switching on campus with the focus on the factors that influence their language variation.To start with, some significant theories are learned carefully through a review of code-switching abroad and at home. The thesis demonstrates five categories of code-switching and five different approaches to the study respectively. Among them, Verschueren’s Linguistic Adaptation Theory and Yu Guodong’s Adaptation Model are adopted as the representative theories to be applied into the analysis. Based on these theories, the further analysis is conducted from three perspectives:linguistic, social and psychological ones correspondingly. The study is mainly supported by both qualitative and quantitative methods.The qualitative methods are mainly by means of long-term observation and interview on campus. The collection of first-hand data is accumulated in the daily communication with college students and sorted out according to the different perspectives. It is a case study. Owing to the limited energy and the deficiency in understanding the various dialects, the samples are primarily oral Chinese-English switching. Through the analysis of some carefully-chosen instances, two points are easily made about the motivations for code-switching on campus. First, the different code is selected by the bilingual students as a communicative strategy to fulfill specific goals and achieve expressive effect of communication. The alternative use of two or more language varieties is recognized and accepted by most of college students. Second, the diverse motivations for campus speakers’code-switching basically fall into linguistic, social and psychological ones. For each of the aspect, there are three sub-divisions such as filling lexical gaps, asserting social status, softening the tone etc.Besides, a quantitative method with the statistical analysis of questionnaire is supplemented. The generalization of the frequency and form of campus code-switching, the gender influences on it, the campus speakers’attitudes towards it and most important of all, the motivations triggering the switching are all exhibited by the data survey. From the questionnaire, the result is generally in accordance with that of qualitative analysis, which is testifying to the value of the research.This study contributes a lot to the understanding of language shift on the campus and specifically helps to improve the motivation research. It can be predicted that the campus code-switching will exist in the long run. It is really an interesting phenomenon. This field of study will attract greater concern endurably. As the development of society is speeding up and language exchange is prompted, some new insights into code-switching are forming. There is enough space for the further research.更多还原