【作者】 孟泽洪；

【导师】 杨茂发；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 动物学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文回顾了大叶蝉亚科的分类概况,对近年来采集的3000多号大叶蝉标本进行了分类鉴定,其种类涉及大叶蝉亚科15属,79种,其中包括12新种,1中国新记录种,1雄性首次报道。分析了中国目前记述的26属236种大叶蝉的区系成分,结果表明:中国大叶蝉在世界动物地理区系中有9个区系型,以东洋界区系型为主体,共计202种,占85.59%。在中国动物地理区划中有17个区系型,以华中区特有种所占比例最高,共70种,占所有种类的29.66%。从含特定区的区系型统计情况来看,中国大叶蝉在世界动物地理区划上趋于分布于东洋界(复计比重:97.03%);从中国动物地理区划上看趋向于分布在华中区、华南区和西南区三区(复计比重:58.47%、44.07%、37.71%)。本文选择了线粒体16S rDNA基因片段,研究得到26种大叶蝉以及2种横脊叶蝉16SrDNA基因528bp(ClustalX2.0比对后)的片段,并结合Genbank上下载的4种大叶蝉的对应序列对该片段进行了分子系统学方面的研究。32条序列中,其中保守位点为248,变异位点为278,简约信息位点为236。序列的变异性是52.9%,简约信息位点占总位点数的44.7%;从碱基成分上看,A+T的含量77.0%明显高于G+C(23.0%)的含量。采用了距离法和简约法基于不同的软件(Mega、Phylip、Paup~*)上进行了系统树的构建,所构建的系统演化树基本一致,横脊叶蝉亚科Evacanthinae中两属种类横脊叶蝉属Evacanthus和脊额叶蝉属Carinata作为外群,和大叶蝉以高自展置信值区分开,中国大叶蝉亚科Cicadellinae种类在系统发育树中具有单系性;所研究大叶蝉三族之间的关系是(Mileewini(Proconiini+Cicadellini)),但是在保守区MP法建树时,一些属的存在破坏了大叶蝉族Cicadellini的单系性,但其置信度不高;在大叶蝉族Cicadellini所研究的各属间,最原始的就是大叶蝉属Cicadella和可大叶蝉属Cofana,其次是凹大叶蝉属Bothrogonia和边大叶蝉属Kolla,且凹大叶蝉属Bothrogonia和边大叶蝉属Kolla在所有的拓扑结构中均是紧密联系在一起的,说明二者近缘;各属级单元的单系性良好,条大叶蝉属Atkinsoniella在UPGMA法、ME法及等权的MP法(空位采取删除策略)的建树法则下不具有单系性,但是置信度不高;另外一个有分歧的属就是洋大叶蝉属Seasogonia,多数建树法则下更支持该属与突额叶蝉属Gunungidia和斑大叶蝉属Anatkina比较近缘。9种大叶蝉Cytb基因片段经过比对后保留了编码144个氨基酸的432bp的序列,其中有175个核甘酸变异位点,变异率为40.5%,简约信息位点120个,占总位点数的27.8%;在密码子不同位点的比较中可以看出:密码子第二位点最保守(130bp),第一位点次之(103bp),第三位点变异性非常大,保守位点只有24个。在系统树的构建上,距离法和简约法能够得到基本一致的结果,6种条大叶蝉均构成一个单系群,分歧主要出现在隐纹条大叶蝉Atkinsoniella thalia的演化地位,UPGMA树及部分MP树认为该种类处于最为原始的种类,但是ME树、NJ树以及更加保守的氨基酸序列所构建的MP树却并不支持这一结论,其余5种条大叶蝉的相对比较固定,构建的系统发育关系和16S rDNA基因所构建的5种条大叶蝉的演化关系达成一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the systematics of Cicadellinae in China is reviewed. The author collected over 3000 specimens, which refer to 79 species and belong to 15 genera. 12 species of them are new to science, 1 is record from China for the first time, and also firstly give a male description of Mileewa holomacula.The faunal structure of known species (26 genera, 236 species) of Cicadellinae in China is analysed. The result indicates that there are 9 distribution patterns in Zoogeographic Region of the world. 202 species (85.59%) are the Oriental, 21 species (8.90%) are both the Oriental and Palaearctic, 7 species (2.97%) are the Palaearctic. Species of the other distribution patterns are very few. The most species (97.03%) are the distribution patterns which include Oriental. In the Zoogeographic region of China, the faunal can be divided into 17 distribution patterns. There are 70 species known from the Central Region, which is 29.66%. 42 Species (17.80%) are the South Region , 35 species (14.83%) are the Southwest, 25 species (10.59%) are both Centre and South, 17 species (7.20%) are both Centre and Southwest, 16 species (6.78%) are Centre, South and Southwest, 10 species (4.24%) are both South and Southwest. Species mostly assemble in three Regions: Centre, South, Southwest.A molecular systematical study is presented in this thesis based on partial regions of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and Cytochrome b gene sequences. With the molecular study of 16S rDNA gene sequences from 32 sequences, 4 of Proconiini are download from NCBI genbank. In the composition of 16S rDNA gene sequences of all sequences, A+T average high about 77.0%, whereas G+C relatively low about 23.0%. Of 528bp sequence after alignment, 248 (52.9%) are conserved sites and 236 (44.7%) are parsimony informatic sites. The phylogeny of Cicadellinae were studied by using three analysis softwares (Mega、Phylip、Paup*) base on both distance and parsimony methods. The phylogenetic trees of the subfamily are similar with using different methods. The relationship between three trbe of Cicadellinae is (Mileewini (Proconiini + Cicadellini)). However, the cosmopolitan Cicadelini could be a parphyletic taxon with respect to the Proconiini when using maximum parsimony method based on conservative regions, which followed the previous research results, but it does not have much supports. Most topological structure of the phylogenetic trees regard the Cicadellini as the monophyletic taxon. the genera Cicadella and Cofana occupy a basal position in the phylogenetic trees of Cicadellini, suggesting that they might be the most primary generas within Cicadellini. The generas Bothrogonia and Kolla are secondary primary position in the tribe Cicadellini, and also obviously they are the sister group. All topological structure regard the studied generas as the monophyletic unit, but the monophyly of the genera Atkinsoniella is challenging when analysing with UPGMA, ME and equal-weight MP methods. The position of Seasogonia is not clear and need further study. The relationship between Gunungidia and Anatkina are closer in great part.The Cytb sequences are also aligned by the program of ClustalX. The distance and MP analyses also gave a similar phylogeny based on 432bp sequences. The divergence of sequences is higher among genera and species, and replacement of nucleotides mostly occurs at the third position of codon (120 are variable sites). The second position of codon are most conserved which only 14 sites varied. The results supported the monophyly of the genera Atkinsoniella. Several MP analysis revealed incongruent phylogenetic relationships for the species Atkinsoniella thalia. Therefore, other molecular markers need in the future study. In short, the 16S rDNA gene gave the coincident phylogenetic relationships among the other five species of the genera Atkinsoniella.更多还原