【作者】 田雨；

【导师】 周绍强；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 民商法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 成年人监护制度是对有精神、智力和身体缺陷的成年人给予法律保护的一项法律制度。它缘起于古罗马氏族社会后期,迄今为止,已有一千多年的历史,是大陆法系传统的民事制度。但在当代社会,成年人监护制度也和罗马法上许多其它古老的制度规定一样,具有不可替代的规范作用。世界各国大都设立了成年人监护制度。随着社会生活的变迁,传统民法设计的成年人监护制度的原有规定己经不能适应现代社会的需要。从20世纪中后期开始,大陆法系和英美法系主要国家先后对其成年人监护制度进行了大规模的法律制度改革,修改并制定了新的成年人监护制度,用保护、尊重自我决定权为核心的协助照顾方式替代了最初那种管理式的监护方式。这种演变体现了二十一世纪先进的立法趋势,更有利于维护被保护人的利益。我国的成年人监护制度发展较晚,有关监护的规定主要见于《民法通则》及《民通意见》中。由于当时立法技术以及特定历史时期社会条件的影响,对监护规定的过于原则、笼统,操作性比较差。伴随社会经济的迅猛发展,财产关系和家庭关系也日趋复杂化,原有的监护制度中有关成年人监护的规定存在的立法思路和技术落后、具体内容不足和对精神障碍者、年老者、身体障碍者以及不良嗜好人的保护不利等诸多问题日益突显并进一步面临着新的考验。由此可见,对成年人监护制度进行改革已刻不容缓。本文的写作目的就在于关注这一群体的生存状况,并维护他们的基本人权,以期取得私权保护与社会稳定的平衡。本文主要采取比较研究的方法,通过对大陆法系和英美法系主要国家成年人监护制度改革的考察,分析了我国现行监护制度存在的主要缺陷与不足。在总结并借鉴他国经验的基础上,结合我国实际情况对我国现有的监护制度提出了相应的修改意见(如：理念纳新；体例的重构；相关法律制度的建立或修改),以期通过自己粗浅的研究,为构建适合我国国情的成年人监护制度提供借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adult guardianship system is a legal system that gives legal protection for adults with mental, intellectual and physical defects. The system, which originated in the latter part of the Roman clan society, having more than a thousand years of history so far, is a traditional system of civil system. However, in contemporary society, adult guardianship system as well as many other old systems in the Roman law has irreplaceable role in the specification. Most countries establish adult guardianship system. With the changes in social life, the original requirements of adult guardianship system based on the traditional civil law sys-tem can not satisfy the needs of modern society. Since the middle and late 20th century, the main civil law and common law countries have reformed the adult guardianship system in a large-scale, modified and developed a new adult guardianship system, which the original administrant guardianship way is replaced by protecting oneself and respecting oneself own decision. This evolution reflects the advanced legislation trend of the twenty-first cen-tury and will be more conducive to protect the interests of the protected persons.The development of the adult guardianship system of China was late. Chinese present adult guardianship system is mainly found in "the General Provisions of the Civil Law" and "the Supreme People’s Court’s Views on the Implementation of the General Provi-sions of the Civil Law". Because at that time the legislative technology and the social condition were in a particularly historical period, the provisions about the guardianship system were too principled, too generalized, relatively poor maneuverability. With the rapid social and economic development, property relations and family relations are beco-ming increasingly complex; the old guardianship system about adult guardianship system’ specification exists in legislation ideas and technologies backwardness, lack of specific content and is bad for protecting the mentally ill, the elderly persons, the physical impairment and the bad hobbies and many other problems that have become increasingly to highlight and further faced with new challenges. We can see that the reform of the adult guardianship system has become essential. The purposes of this article are to focus on the living conditions of this group and to defend their basic human rights, to obtain the balance of private rights protection and social stability.This paper uses comparative research method, through investigation the civil law and common law major countries in the reform of adult guardianship system, to analysis the main flaws and deficiency of the existing guardianship system of our country. In summing up and learning the experiences of other countries, and combining the actual situation in our country, this paper proposes amendments correspondingly to the existing guardianship system, such as new concept absorbed, system rebuild, and relevant law system establish-ment or modification. I hope that through my superficial research that is for construction of an appropriate adult guardianship system and provides referential significance.更多还原