中国信用卡产业盈利能力及其影响因素分析

【作者】 王宁；

【导师】 王克敏；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 工商管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 信用卡作为现代化电子支付工具,起源于20世纪50年代的美国。进入70年代后,随着电子信息技术在金融领域的运用,信用卡以其方便、快捷、安全等特点获得了迅速发展。尤其近20年来,信用卡产业几乎平均每年以两位数的速度递增。特别是在北美等发达市场,信用卡已经成为商业银行业务品种中盈利性最强的产品之一,信用卡业务已发展成为一个独立而庞大的产业。在中国,信用卡起步相对较晚,1985年中国银行发行新中国第一张银行卡,1995广东发展银行发行了第一张信用卡,2003年之后信用卡才得到快速发展,到2009年6月底,我国累计已发行银行卡19.7亿张,其中贷记卡1.6亿张,人均拥有信用卡量0.12张,银行卡特约商户135万家,POS机211万台,ATM机18万台。虽然经历了5年多时间的飞速发展,但我国人均拥有信用卡量及其基础设施离发达国家还有很大差距,且由于用卡环境尚不完善,征信体系、法律体系建设滞后,行业整体仍然亏损。究其原因,我国信用卡产业的三大传统收益来源——循环透支利息、商户手续费以及年费的收益水平均远远低于国际平均水平,而各大银行为了抢占市场在广告和营销等方面的投入与日俱增,同时,在世界金融危机的影响下,信用卡欠款延滞率、损失率等指标都在快速攀升,国内发卡机构急需分析影响信用卡产业盈利能力的深层次问题,找寻更加符合中国国情的盈利新对策。本文运用理论分析、比较分析的方法,通过与国外成熟信用卡产业体系作对比,分析我国信用卡产业现状,找出导致我国信用卡产业盈利能力低下的关键所在。通过分析发现,在信用卡的收入、支出、风险等方面存在着价格化战略失效,商户扣率定价不科学,呆坏账率认识不深入,消费者忠诚度不高,客户关系管理不完善等亟待解决的问题,并基于上述分析提出了自己的对策和建议,以期对我国信用卡产业的发展提供借鉴和指导意义。本文第一章引言主要介绍了论文选题的背景和意义以及研究方法;第二章主要介绍本文涉及的基本概念、信用卡在国外和国内的发展历史以及国内外对信用卡的研究现状;第三章主要介绍了美国、欧洲和韩国的信用卡产业发展现状以及全球信用卡产业发展趋势;第四章主要运用波特的钻石模型分析了我国的信用卡产业发展现状:第五章从支出、收入和风险三个角度对我国信用卡产业盈利能力进行分析;第六章针对前一章分析发现的问题提出针对性的政策建议;第七章对我国的信用卡产业发展进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the modern medium of electronic payment, credit card stemmed from the USA in the 1950s. Along with the rapid application of IT in finance, credit card explosively grew during the 1970s because of its convenience, quickness and safety. Especially in recent two decades, credit card industry nearly surged at double-digit speed each year. Credit card business has become one of the most profitable products in banking in the highly developed countries and regions. It has become an independent and huge industry.In China, credit card industry starts relatively late. Bank of China launched the first bank card in 1985. Ten years later Guangdong Development Bank issued the first credit card. The credit card industry has hitherto started to take shape in China following two decades of developments. Around 1.97 billion bank cards including 0.16 billion credit cards have been issued by the end of June 2009. Each Chinese owns 0.12 piece of card. There are around 1.35 million engaged-merchants, 2.11 million POS and 0.18 million ATM all over the country. Although in recent 5 years, the local market is flourishing on the explosive growth, it is still has big disparity compared with the developed countries. The whole business is still at the stage of net loss. Firstly, the income from merchant interchange, annual fee and revolving interest are all below the international level. Secondly, to seize market, issuers are expanding money input on the sales. Moreover, influenced by the global financial crisis, both the overdue rate and the loss rate climb rapidly. Issuers are in the urgent need to study the factors led to get loss and try to find resolutions in conformity with the national conditions.The article is aimed at finding the reasons led to the low profitability in Chinese credit card industry by comparing with overseas mature market. It shows the market needs urgently to resolve problems in the aspects of revenue, cost and risk control. For example, the price war doesn’t work. Products are lack of diversification. Pricing on merchant interchange rate are unscientific. Issuers have no deep understanding on the bad debt. Clients have low loyalty on brands. Banks have no good experiences in customer relationship maintenance. Based on the analysis, the article gives some suggestions to improve the capability of credit card profit in China. It hopes that both referential significance and practical value will be brought about to the subsequent industry development.The first chapter of the article introduces the background, the meanings and the research method of the thesis. The Second chapter mainly introduces the basic concepts of credit card and its history. Then the article shows the main research findings in the relevant field. The third chapter introduces its development status in the USA, Europe, Korea and its trend. The Fourth chapter analyzes the status of credit card in our country by using Porter’s diamond model. The fifth chapter further examines the factors influenced the capability of profit in our credit card business from the aspects of cost, revenue and risk. Based on the finding, the article provides some suggestions in the sixth chapter. In the end the article generates ideas for the subsequent industry development.更多还原