【作者】 吴锋；

【导师】 朱玉春；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2009， 硕士

【副题名】以西北农林科技大学为例

【摘要】 当前,中国社会正处在经济快速发展和社会结构全面转型的过程中,担负着实现工业化和现代化的双重历史任务,同时也面临着人口、资源、环境的巨大压力,“人口增长——资源紧缺——环境恶化”的恶性循环严重制约着中国经济社会的发展。我国资源总量丰富,但由于人口众多,人均资源拥有量很少,许多方面都低于世界平均水平。近年来随着我国工业化和城市化进程的加快,我国的资源需求增长迅速,资源相对不足已成为经济发展的严重威胁。然而,我国资源的利用效率却明显偏低,而且存在着大量随意浪费、挥霍资源的现象。只求增长速度、不计资源消耗与环境损害的发展是不可持续的,也不应该成为我们追求的发展方式,建设节约型社会已经迫在眉睫。在国家发展战略调整及教育体制改革深入的大背景下,高校实行节能管理,是时代发展的必然要求。本研究注重理论与实践相结合,在综合运用“公地悲剧”、循环经济、集体行动和帕累托效率等理论的基础上,对高校节能管理过程中存在的问题和影响因素进行了分析。研究发现,高校在实行节能管理的过程中存在着四个方面的问题,分别为管理人员以及师生的节能意识薄弱、高校能耗使用中的管理体制不健全、高校节能管理中的技术条件落后和资金投入不足;影响高校节能管理的因素主要有组织、人才、技术和观念四方面因素。本文在借鉴国内外节能管理成功经验的基础上,从四个方面提出了适应新形势发展的高校节能管理对策:即加强宣传教育、完善节能管理、提高节能技术水平和合理运筹节能资金。这不仅可以满足学校自身发展的需要,提高办学效益,而且对建设节约型社会具有重要的影响。本研究的主要研究内容和框架:第一章主要阐述了研究背景,研究的目的和意义,简要评述国内外研究动态,介绍了研究的思路、方法和可能的创新之处;第二章主要论述了高校节能管理的相关理论,对高校实行节能管理的必要性及高校能耗的特点进行了探讨;第三章主要以西北农林科技大学为例,探讨了高校能耗现状及节能管理过程中存在的问题;第四章运用实地调研数据,对影响高校节能管理的因素进行了实证分析;第五章介绍了国内外高校实行节能管理的成功经验,并总结出有益启示;第六章针对节能管理中存在的问题,从四个方面提出了实现高校节能管理的对策;第七对本研究进行了总结。本研究的创新之处:(1)利用“公地悲剧”、循环经济、帕累托改进和集体行动等理论,对当前中国高校的节能管理问题进行了理论分析与解释。(2)运用案例分析的方法,以西北农林科技大学为例,对高校能耗现状及节能管理中存在的问题进行了探讨,运用问卷调查与深入访谈的方法对在校师生及后勤管理机构工作人员进行了实地调查以获得数据资料,探索高校节能管理的影响因素。(3)在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,针对所存在的问题,从四个方面提出了现有的体制下实现高校节能管理的基本思路和对策。这为提高高校资源利用率以及实现高校的可持续发展奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the Chinese society is in the process of comprehensive transformation of rapid economic development and social structure, shoulder the dual historical tasks of achieving industrialization and modernization, and also be confronted with tremendous pressure of population, resources and environment, the vicious circle of from population growth to shortage of resource to environmental degradation", which seriously restrict China’s economic and social development. China’s resources are rich in volume, but because of the large population, per capita resource is very small, and many aspects are below the world average. In recent years, as the acceleration of China’s industrialization and urbanization, demand of resource is growing rapidly, and the relative shortage of resources has become a serious threat to China’s economic development. However, the usage efficiency of China’s resources is significantly lower, and the phenomena of random waste and squander resources are still exist. Merely pursuit of growth rate at the expense of resource consumption and environmental damage, the development is not sustainable, nor should it be our approach to development pursued, and there is an urgent need to build an economized society. In the context of national development adjustments strategies and in-depth education reform, there is an imperative for universities to implement energy saving management.Combining theory with practice, this study analyzed problems and factors in the process of universities’energy saving management, based on the use of the theories of tragedy of the commons, circular economy, and collective action and Pareto efficiency. The result showed that there existed problems in four aspects, that is managers, teachers and students’energy-saving awareness is weak, the management system of energy use in college is not perfect, technical conditions is laggard and lack of capital investment. Organization, talent, technology and awareness are the main four factors influence energy-saving management. On the basis of learning advanced experience of energy management both at home and abroad, this study put forward strategies of universities’energy saving management from four aspects: strengthen publicity and education, enhance energy saving management, improve the level of energy-saving technologies, and reasonable use the money. This will not only meet the needs of universities’ own development and enhance school effectiveness, but also has an important impact on building an economized society.The main research content and framework of this study are: chapterⅠillustrated the background, purpose and significance of this study, gave a brief review of research trends both at home and abroad, and introduced the research ideas, methods, and possible innovations. Chapter II mainly discusses the theories related to universities’energy saving management explored the need to implement universities’energy saving management and characteristics of universities’energy consumption. Take the Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry for an example, Chapter III this study explored the situation of universities’energy consumption and the problems in the process of universities’energy saving management. Chapter IV empirically analyzed the factors that affected energy saving management in use of the survey data. Chapter V introduced the success experiences on universities energy saving management both at home and abroad, and summed up useful enlightenment. ChapterⅥput forward strategies to achieve universities’energy-saving management from four aspects. ChapterⅦbriefly summarized the content of this study.The innovations of this study:(1) This paper theoretical analyzed and explained the current energy-saving management in Chinese universities with theories such as Tragedy of the commons, Circular economy, Pareto improvements and Collective action.(2) With the method of case study, taking the Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry for an example, this paper explored status of universities’energy consumption and problems in the process of energy-saving management. Acquiring data from a survey on teachers,students and officials with the method of questionnaire and in-depth interviews, this study explored influencing factors .(3) Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, with theory with practice combining, this paper put forward the basic ideas and measures to achieve universities’energy-saving management in four aspects. It will make the foundation for universities to improve resource utilization and achieve sustainable development.更多还原