【作者】 张海燕；

【导师】 张林森；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究于2007年3月至2008年11月在陕西省宝鸡市凤翔县苹果试验园于田间条件下进行。以10年生矮化密植红富士苹果树为试材,研究了传统全根灌溉、半根灌溉和不灌溉对苹果树叶片光合作用、荧光和果实产量品质的影响。得出以下结论:1、半根灌溉和不灌溉Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr都比全根灌溉有所下降,光合作用受到抑制,气孔限制是叶片光合能力下降的主要原因,其中半根灌溉下降程度较小,不灌溉下降明显。不灌溉植株叶片水分利用效率在三种处理中最高,表明叶片水分利用效率与根系水分含量关系密切。2、全根灌溉、半根灌溉和不灌溉处理下富士苹果日变化为单峰曲线,净光合速率在10:30~11:30达到峰值,分别为:14.9875μmolm-2s-1、12.9375μmolm-2s-1和11.4625μmolm-2s-1。3、富士苹果在对弱光的利用率为一般植物的平均水平,且全根灌溉>半根灌溉>不灌溉。全根灌溉苹果叶片的光能利用效率及可利用的光强范围最大,半根灌溉比全根灌溉小,而不灌溉植株最小。整体来看,苹果叶片Pn、Tr、Gs及LUE对光强的响应值为:全根灌溉>半根灌溉>不灌溉,而Ci和WUE为:不灌溉>半根灌溉>全根灌溉。4、富士苹果光合速率明显受光强和外界CO2浓度影响。全根灌溉的光合能力、光呼吸速率及羧化效率较高,CO2补偿点较低,最能充分利用大气中的CO2,具有高光效和高产的光合特性,半根灌溉次之,不灌溉最弱。三种处理下苹果树对高CO2浓度利用率为:不灌溉>半根灌溉>全根灌溉。5、与全根灌溉相比,半根灌溉处理的苹果树光合器官、原初光能转换效率都没有受到明显影响,且没有发生明显的抑制,不灌溉光抑制程度较高。半根灌溉使苹果树叶片电子传递活性增加,非辐射耗散能力增强,能更好的避免过剩光能伤害光合器官。不灌溉时出现的干旱可能会使富士苹果叶片PSII反应中心出现可逆的失活,同时增强了苹果叶片非辐射耗散能力。实际光强条件下,半根灌溉和不灌溉的的表观电子传递效率比全根灌溉显著下降。6、半根灌溉的株产及果实单果重、着色面积、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和果形指数比全根灌溉略有下降,但差异不显著,而果实硬度明显下降。不灌溉明显降低了苹果株产量、果实单果重、果实硬度和可滴定酸。各处理果实的果形指数均达到了一级果的果形指数标准。总体来看半根灌溉与全根灌溉果实品质相差不大,而不灌溉果实品质有所下降。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiments of effects of traditional whole rootzone irrigation, half rootzone irrigation and whole rootzone water stress on leaf photosynthesis, fluorescence, yield and quality of ten years Fuji apple dwarfing tree were studied in Fengxiang orchard, Shaanxi province in the field conditions from March 2007 to November 2008. The main results were as follows:1 Compared to whole root irrigation, Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr were declined in half root irrigation and whole root water stress treatments, the photosynthesis were inhibited. Leaf stomatal limitation is the main reason for lower photosynthesis, half root irrigation were decreased the level of small, and the non-irrigation, decreased significantly. But the leaf water use efficiency of the non-irrigation is the highest in the three treatments. This shows that the leaf water use efficiency is closely related to rootzone water content.2 The diurnal variation of photosynthesis of whole root irrigation, half root irrigation and whole root water stress on Fuji apple is single-peak curves, the net photosynthetic rate in the peak are at 10:30 ~ 11:30, respectively: 14.9875μmolm-2s-1, 12.9375μmolm-2s-1 and 11.4625μmolm-2s-1.3 The utilization to weak light of Fuji apple is at general average level, and whole root irrigation > half root irrigation > whole root water stress. Whole root irrigation apple tree have the highest solar energy use efficiency and the largest range of useful light intensity, half root irrigation is lower than whole root irrigation, and whole root water stress is the lowest. Overall, the apple leaf Pn, Tr, Gs and LUE values are in response to light intensity as follows: whole root irrigation> half root irrigation> whole root water stress, and Ci and WUE for: whole root water stress > half root irrigation> whole root irrigation.4 Fuji Apple photosynthetic rate significantly affected by light intensity and CO2 concentration of the external environment. The photosynthetic capability, light respiratory rate and carboxylation efficiency of whole root irrigation is higher, CO2 compensatory point is lower, which can make full use of atmospheric CO2, with a high luminous efficiency and the photosynthetic characteristics of yielding, half root irrigation is lower, and whole root water stress is lowest. After three kinds of processing, the utilization rate of CO2 concentration of apple tree is: high whole root water stress > half root irrigation> whole root irrigation.5 Photosynthesis organ and original light energy conversion efficiency of apple tree treated with half root irrigation have no difference from that treated with whole root irrigation, moreover,light inhibition of apple trees treated with whole root water stress is higher than those treated with half root irrigation and whole root irrigation. Half root irrigation is more efficiency in preventing redundant light energy from impairing photosynthesis organ as a result of enhanced electron transporting activity and non-radiative dissipation ability. Drought caused by whole root water stress may lead to PSII reactive center occurring reversible inactivation and enhance non-radiative dissipation ability. In practical light intensity, apparent electron transporting apparent electron transporting efficacy of apple trees treated by half root irrigation and whole root water stress is significant lower than that treated with whole root irrigation.6 Compared with the whole root irrigation, single fruit weight, red color area, soluble solids, titratable acid and fruit shape index of the half root irrigation were declined slightly, but no obvious difference except fruit firmness. The treatment of whole root water stress decreased yield of one apple tree, single fruit weight, fruit firmness and titratable acid significantly. The fruit shape index of these three treatments reached the level of the first grade fruit shape index standards. Overall, the treatment of whole root irrigation and half root irrigation have little difference in fruit quality, but the fruit quality of the treatment of whole root water stress declined slightly.更多还原