【作者】 赵洁；

【导师】 张忠潮；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着流域环境日益恶化,对流域管理的理论研究渐渐进入人们的视野,热点集中在其公众参与机制上。本研究从界定流域、流域管理的概念、特征,定位公众参与流域管理的目的入手,认为公众参与流域管理是为了实现流域可持续发展,达到公共福利最大化。随后,分析公众参与流域管理的理论依据和现实依据,指出其权利基础是环境权理论、价值基础是环境正义、法治基础是环境民主,并对其他相关理论如公共信托理论、环境公共财产理论、市民社会理论等理论依据进行了阐释。然后,对公众参与制度进行理论分析,明确了公众参与的主体、范围、方式、程序、条件,认为公众参与的主体是公众,具体包括居民、各类专业人士、非政府组织、与拟行为有关的行政机关,并提出界定公众范围的依据:以是否有利于公众参与流域管理的目的的实现为依据;以公众参与环境事件的影响范围为依据。进而,本文对国外如美国、法国、澳大利亚等国家公众参与流域管理的实践进行比较研究,认为立法保障公众参与流域管理的权利、建立有效的公众参与流域管理的平台——流域管理机构、完善环境信息公开披露制度、注重宣传教育以提高公众参与意识等实践经验值得我国借鉴。为了使研究对我国流域管理中公众参与机制具有更直接的指导意义,对我国公众参与流域管理中存在的问题及成因进行了分析,认为公众参与流域管理的权利缺乏法律保障、流域区居民的利益往往被忽视、环境信息公开制度不健全、缺乏环境公益诉讼制度、环保NGO的力量薄弱等问题均与我国流域管理中公众参与机制不健全有关,继而从流域体制因素、政治文化因素、公众自身的因素、公众参与成本——预期的影响等五个方面的制约因素,深入剖析了造成我国公众参与流域管理存在诸多问题的深层次原因。最后,提出完善我国流域管理中公众参与机制的建议,主要有:第一,建立流域管理委员会加流域管理局双层体制下的新型流域管理机构;第二,健全法律保障;第三,完善公众参与的方式;第四,完善环境信息公开制度;第五,建立环境公益诉讼制度;第六,加强社区自治;第七,推动环境保护社会团体的发展;第八,参与意识和能力建设;第九,加强国际交流和合作。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deterioration of the watershed envrionment,the theoretical research into watershed management is gradually coming into people’s vision.The hot spot is the public participation mechanism.The concepts and characteristics of watershed and watershed management and the purpose of participation in watershed management were pointed out and then the theoretical and practical foundation of public participation in watershed management was analyzed and environmental rights theory is the basic of rights,environmental justice is the basic of the value,environmental justice is legal basic .And the other related theories such as public trust doctrine,the environmental public goods theory, the theory of civil society etc. were clearly specified.The theory of public participation and the subject,scope,modalities,procedures,conditions of public participation were analyzed .The subject is the public including the residents, various types of professionals, non-governmental organizations and the relevant administrative organs.And the basises to define the scope of the public were proposed: frist,based on the realizcation of the purpose public participation in watershed management and second,based on the affected area of the environmental events.The public participation in watershed management in other countries such as the United States, France and Australia were analyzed and their practical experience were summed up.The paper consider that the practices such as the legislation to protect public participation in watershed management rights,the establishment of an effective public participation in watershed management platform—basin management institutions , improving public disclosure of environmental information system, focusing on publicity and education to raise public awareness are worthy of learning from.In order to make the research useful for the practice of the mechanism of public participation in Watershed management ,the paper analyzed a insufficiency and the reasons of public participation in watershed management in China and consider that there exist the problems of lack of legal protection for the right of public participation , lack of legal protection for the interests of Valley residents , lack of environmental information disclosure systems,lack of environmental public interest litigation system,the weakness of the environmental NGO’s and so on which are related to the imperfect of the public participation in watershed management and then analyzed the reasons from five constraining factors including the basin institutional factors,political and cultural factors,public self-factor,public Participation in the cost - the expected impact ect. Finally, the suggestions were proposed to solve the problems.The suggestions are :First ,the basin system reform.Second,perfeting the legal protectiont.Third,improving the ways of public participation.Fourth,improving the Environmental Information Disclosure system.Fifth,establihing the Environmental Public Interest Litigation system.Sixth, the promotion of community self-government construction . Seventh , the development of environmental protection NGO.Eighth,improving the sense and the capacity-building participation .Ninth,strengthening international exchanges and cooperation.更多还原