【作者】 于涛；

【导师】 裴玉龙；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 道路交通安全涉及社会、政治、经济、文化、教育等多领域,是一个复杂的系统,道路交通事故数是道路交通安全水平的基本体现。我国是世界上道路交通事故最多的国家之一,交通事故死亡人数居世界之首,道路交通安全面临的问题非常严峻。需要深入研究交通安全理论及技术,以保证道路交通有序、安全、畅通地运行。目前我国的道路交通安全管理相对落后,虽然累积了大量交通事故数据,但对数据的应用多停留在基本查询和统计分析阶段,大量的数据无法发挥其在道路交通事故管理和分析中的作用。本文依托于国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)“道路交通运行安全仿真评价与事故再现分析系统研究”课题,构建了由道路交通事故数据库、开放分析平台和Web-GIS发布平台构成的道路交通事故ATA-GIS(Analysis System of Traffic Accident Based on GIS)分析系统。旨在通过对相关理论方法的研究探索,改善道路交通安全管理落后的现状,有效地预防交通事故的发生,并为道路交通安全管理与决策、交通安全信息公开服务提供技术支持。通过道路交通事故分析系统的用户群、数据和可视化等方面的需求分析,确定系统面向交通研究人员、管理部门和社会公众。针对用户群体的广泛性和系统资源的开放性,选取基于浏览器的Web-GIS技术作为道路交通事故分析系统的支持平台,设计系统的框架和主要功能。根据道路交通事故属性确定其关系模型,建立道路交通事故数据库,为系统的分析功能和GIS发布提供后台支持。对比目前国内的道路交通事故分析系统,针对现有系统分析功能有限的缺点,设计ATA-GIS系统开放分析平台,将道路交通事故分析方法涉及的数据进行抽象分类,建立分析过程统一模型,用可扩展标记语言进行接口设计,将任意分析方法纳入系统的流程标准化,便于新的分析功能的移植和嵌入。选取Google Maps作为GIS开发平台,应用KML(Keyhole Markup Language)空间地理信息标准语言,建立公路KML地理坐标文件库,将公路桩号转换为经纬度坐标,实现公路事故在GIS系统中的定位,用分层次分段定位的方法实现城市道路事故与GIS数据的匹配,研究GIS发布的专题表达方法,为系统发布功能提供技术支持。在系统的结构分析和开放平台设计基础上,开发H省道路交通事故分析系统,编程实现部分事故多发点鉴别及安全评价、事故成因分析及改善措施等分析功能。对H省1998-2001、2005-2008年的道路交通事故数据进行分析,应用Web-GIS发布技术将分析结果与Google Maps平台结合,实现系统分析结果的GIS发布。更多还原

【Abstract】 Involving social, political, economic, cultural, educational and other fields, traffic safety is a complex giant system, and traffic accidents are the road safety level of the basic embodiment. China is one of the most traffic accidents contries, and has the supreme fatalities number of traffic accidents in the world, thus the problems faced by road safety is very seriously. Accordingly, depth theory and technology of road safety need to be studied in, to insure the traffic operation orderly, safe and smoothly.At present, road safety management in China is relatively backward. Although there is accumulation of a large number of traffic accident data, the data are just used in the research on the basic query and statistical analysis stage, and a large amount of data can not fulfill its role in the management and analysis of traffic accidents. This thesis addresses the need analysis of system, relying on "the National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program)", titled "Research on the System of simulate evaluation accident reconstruction of the Traffic Safety Operation", and a traffic accident database, an open platform of analysis and a Web-GIS publishing platform is constructed to consist of ATA-GIS(Analysis System of Traffic Accident Based on GIS), which is in order to achieve on a full range and multi-angle analysis of traffic accident.Through the need analysis of the user groups, data, and visualization, traffic researchers, management and the public are identified the target of the ATA-GIS system. In view of breadth user groups and openness of system resources, the browser-based Web-GIS technology is selected as a traffic analysis system to support the platform and system framework and main function is designed. According to the property of traffic accidents, the relationship model is determined. Then the traffic accident database system is established, to provide background to support the GIS publishing.By means of comparing current traffic accident analysis systems, shortcomings of the limited function for systematic analysis are existing, so the open analysis platform for ATA-GIS system is designed. Abstracting data related to analysis methods, and establishing a unified model of the analysis process, then designing the process components and the interface using XML(eXtensible Markup Language) technology, the analytical methods of incorporating any process into the system is standardized, to facilitate the analysis of the new features and embedded transplantation. Afterward, Google Maps and Google Earth is select as the GIS development platform, the geographic coordinates of road KML(Keyhole Markup Language) library is established by the application of KML space language about geographic information standards, and conversion from highways stake number to latitude and longitude is achieved. The road accidents in the positioning of GIS system are determined, and the urban road accidents and GIS data are matched using sub-level and sub - method section. GIS thematic and published expression is studied on, to provide technical support to release analysis results for the system.The ATA-GIS system of H province is developed, using the structure of the system analysis and design of open platform, where is part programming to identify accident-prone points and safety evaluation, and the cause of the incident analysis and improvement measures such as analysis function. The data of 1998-2001,2005-2008 in ATA-GIS system of H Province is analyzed, so the results of the analysis will show on GIS platform with the application of Web-GIS technology as analysis publishing.更多还原