【作者】 王瑞；

【导师】 王太平；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 经济法， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 人类社会业已步入信息时代、基因时代和知识经济时代,随着全球经济日益一体化,政府对科技研发活动的资助在日趋竞争激烈的国际环境中发挥着举足轻重的作用。同时,科学研究、产品开发与产业发展的联系也越来越紧密,科学技术转化为现实生产力的能力大小已成为衡量一个国家竞争力的重要指标。在我国,政府资助的R&D更是承担着关系国计民生重大技术和新产品的研究与开发,例如:863计划、神州载人飞船计划、嫦娥探月计划等。但是长期以来,由于受到计划经济体制和传统的研发成果管理制度的影响,政府资助的研发机构对其承担的科研项目所产生的成果往往重评选、轻利用,这种思维及效率低下的制度严重阻碍了研发成果的商业化应用。因此,如何借鉴国外的成功经验并结合我国具体国情,从制度上完善政府资助研发成果的专利产权管理和技术转移法律制度,提高研发成果商业化应用就成为一个迫在眉睫的问题。我国于1993年颁布了《科技进步法》,这部实施了15年的法律对发展我国科学技术,增强自主创新能力,建设创新型国家,实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略发挥了重大作用。但是随着时代的变迁,这部法律的弊端也开始显露出来,已不能满足当代的需求。2007年12月29日,修订后的《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》由十届全国人大常委会第三十一次会议审议通过,并于2008年7月1日起施行。这部堪称“中国版拜杜法案”的《科技进步法》对执行国家计划项目获得的专利权归属和利益分享作出了规定,进一步使得《国家知识产权战略》的实施纳入法制轨道。特别值得一提的是,《科技进步法》第二十条明确了政府资助研发成果的专利权归属问题,这是我国知识产权法律制度的一个重要突破,是激励自主创新,促进科技成果转化的一项重要制度和措施。其目的是把在政府财政支持和帮助下完成的发明和发现从实验室里解放出来,这将对今后中国科技基本制度产生深远的影响。但是,由于长期受到计划经济制度体制的影响,政府资助研发成果专利制度不合理;政府、产业界和科研机构相脱节造成大学、科研院所等科研单位缺乏市场推动力,导致科技成果商业化程度低下的的现状将还会长期困扰着我国政府资助研发。因此,我国的政府资助研发专利制度在新形势下还有待进一步完善和发展,仍然是任重而道远。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our human society has become a age of information, gene and knowledge-based economy. As the global economy integrating, government-funed R&D has played more and more important role in the very fierce competition between the nations. Meanwhile, the relationship between science research, manufacture and industry development has been more and more close; it is the important benchmark that the ability of transform the science and technology into the productivity in measureing the productivity of a country. In our country, government-funed R&D also undertake the important research and development of technology and production which concerns national economy and the people’s livelihood, such as: National High-Technology Research and Development Project( 863 Plan), Shenzhou Manned Spacecraft Project, Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program, etc. However, for a long period, due to influenced by the planned economy system and the traditional management of R&D, the achievement of project undertaking by government-funed R&D are always emphasis on how to obtain the award, but not on how to utilize those high-tech achievement in effective way, which mode and inefficiency system gravely block the commercial application of those achievement. Therefore, it has been an utmost urgency problem how to draw the lessons from abroad successful experience and perfect management of patent right and system of scientific and technological achievement transformation.Our country enacted Scientific and Technological Advancement Law of PRC in 1992, which exterted a profound influence on development of science and technology, enhancing self-innovation, constructing innovational nation, and realize the strategy of prospering the nation with science and education and national talent strategy, during last 16 years. However, with the times changing, the limitation of the law had unveiled, which could not satisfy the current requirement. On December 29, 2007, the amendment of Scientific and Technological Advancement Law of PRC passed by Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, and be implemented from July 1, 2008. The law so called Chinese Bayh-Dole Act regulate that the patent right ascription of nation-funded R&D project and distribution of related benefits, and bring the strategy of national intellectual property into legal system orbit. Especially, the Article 20 of the law rule that who have right for the patent rights of achievement of government-funded R&D, which is a great system and measure that inspire the self-innovation and accelerate the scientific achievement transform, and is also the great reform in the intellectual property legal system of our nation. The aim of the law is that release those invention and discovery which created in government-funded laboratory, that will bring profound influence for Chinese scientific fundamental system in the future.However, due to be influenced by the planned economy system for a long time and lack of cooperation in three parties of government, industry and scientific research institutions, which effect that the patent system of government-funded R&D is unreasonable and be short of impetus of market. This low commercially transform status quo have swampt the government-funded R&D of our country for a long time. Therefore, in the new situation, it will be a long way to go that the patent system of government-funded R&D of our nation require to reform and develop continuous.更多还原