【作者】 孙洁；

【导师】 黄克谨；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 现代化工生产领域对系统优化、绿色化工越来越迫切的要求促进了反应精馏塔技术的快速发展。相比于传统精馏技术,反应精馏具备显著的节能和降低投资的优点。因此,如何最大程度地发掘反应精馏系统的潜在节能优势,成为了国内外的研究热点,也是本文的研究依据。依据塔内反应热量与汽化潜热比值的大小,反应精馏塔可以被划分为有大量热效应、有部分热效应、无热效应三大类。现有的提高反应精馏系统热力学效率的方法,大多是针对于有大量热效应反应精馏过程进行研究的。而对于无热效应反应精馏塔,至今仍没有完整的提高系统热力学效率的系统综合与设计方法被提出。因此,本文以无热效应反应精馏塔为研究对象,首次提出了以“强化内部物质耦合”的方法进行过程设计,可以有效地提升反应精馏系统的热力学效率。研究表明,反应段与精馏段耦合、反应段与提馏段耦合、改变反应物进料位置、改变催化剂在反应段内的分布状态这四种方法可以有效地强化反应精馏系统内部物质耦合。对这四种方法合理地加以综合运用,可以得到一个系统化的强化设计策略。四种不同的反应精馏体系在使用“强化内部物质耦合”方法进行过程综合设计后,系统能耗均出现了明显的降低,系统的热力学效率显著提高,同时设备投资和运行费用也会相应地减少。实践证明,“强化系统内部物质耦合”的系统综合与设计方法具有普遍通用性,对于不同的反应精馏体系、不同的物理特性和操作条件,都能显著地发挥节能效果,且该方法简便易行。因此“强化内部物质耦合”的设计方法对反应精馏过程的综合与设计具有重要的意义和作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reactive distillation technology has seen great development owing to the progress of green chemistry and process optimization. Contrast sharply to the conventional distillation process, the reactive distillation process can offer more benefits in utility consumption and capital investment. The main object of this paper is to activate the potential advantage of the reactive distillation columns in the chemical process industry.In terms of the ratio between the thermal heat released by the reactions involved and the latent heat of the reacting mixture separated, reactive distillation columns can be divided into three broad categories, i.e., those with highly thermal effect, those with considerably thermal effect and those with negligible or no thermal effect. Though a number of methods have already been proposed for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns so far, much of them are actually about the process with highly thermal effect, and almost no essential progress has been made regarding the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns with negligible or no thermal effect.A systematic method for deepening internal mass integration is proposed for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns involving reactions with negligible or no thermal effect, aiming to improve the thermodynamic efficiency. Four strategies, including the superimposition of reactive section onto rectifying and stripping sections, relocation of feed stages, and redistribution of catalyst within the reactive section, can be derived to intensify internal mass integration. With a systematic application of these strategies, a sequential procedure is devised for the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns involving reactions with negligible or no thermal effect.Four hypothetical ideal reactive distillation systems are used as examples to evaluate the philosophy proposed, and a substantial reduction of utility consumption is secured in addition to a further abatement in capital investment.The proposed method for deepening internal mass integration could be effective in different reactive distillation models with different physical properties and operating conditions. It is also proved quite simple in principle and procedure. These striking results evidence the significance and strong necessity of deepening internal mass integration in the synthesis and design of reactive distillation columns.更多还原