【作者】 于航；

【导师】 马维忠；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 进入21世纪以来,一系列重大紧急事件接连发生,很多国家和社会组织开始意识到紧急事件将成为人类强有力的挑战之一。科学理论的进步和通信信息技术的快速发展为我们及时响应和处理紧急事件提供了支持,通过这些理论依据和通信信息技术手段进行应急管理辅助应急物流决策可以在相当程度上降低紧急事件给人类带来的巨大损失。紧急事件发生后救助伤员、安置灾民,及时有效地配送急救药品和设备,清洁饮用水和食物是挽救更多人的生命以及防止损失进一步扩大的关键。应急物资的运输调度也因此成为整个应急管理和应急物流运作中的关键环节。本文在对国内外应急管理与应急物流领域的方法及研究成果分析的基础上,利用现代决策科学、系统科学、信息科学和计算机技术的成果,研究了应急物资运输调度的理论、方法和策略。本文首先介绍了应急物流与应急物流系统的特征,分析了应急物流系统与普通物流系统的区别,并针对应急物流系统的特征对其工作流程和主要功能模块进行了分析和设计;指出应急物资运输调度在应急物流系统中的重要地位。考虑到紧急事件发生时,受灾地区物资需求种类和数量不明确并且对于应急物资的运输有时间限制以及车辆载重量限制的情况,在合理假设的基础上,以使不能满足对应急物资的时间窗口限制和数量需求而造成的损失最小为目标,构造了有时间限制的多供应中心多资源多目标应急物资运输调度模型,并给出了模型中各中间变量的求解方法。最后应用蚁群优化算法在TSP和VRP问题求解方面的优势,结合分解法构建了有时限的多供应中心多资源多目标应急物资运输调度问题的求解模型,并给出了求解过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 21st Century, there have been a series of grave crisis, and the emergent events have become one of the biggest challenges that any country and society organization may be up against. The developing of science theory and information technology supplies supports for our overcoming calamities. We can use these science theory and information means to run emergency management and supply emergency logistics decision and that can decrease the grave losing coming with the emergent events.After the emergent events happened, aiding the lacerated and allocation, transporting aid-leechdom and instruments, clean water and food in time is the most important to save more lives and prevent the losing extending. So that emergency commodity scheduling has become the key of the emergency management and emergency logistics progressing.The article bases on the analysis of means and research achievement in the field of emergency management and emergency logistics home and abroad, and use the achievement of modern decision science, system science, information science and computer technology to research the theory, means and tactic of emergency commodity scheduling.The article introduces the characters of emergency logistics and emergency logistics system, analyze the differences between the emergency logistics and common logistics and according the characters of the emergency logistics analyze and design the operating progress and main function model and point out that the emergency commodity scheduling plays an important role in the emergency logistics.Considering while the emergency events happened, the sorts and quantities of the demanding commodities in the affect area were unclear and the emergency transporting was limited by the time window and deadweight, so based on the reasonable hypothesis, took which makes the losing caused by ungratified time-limit and quantity requesting of commodities minimum as the target, built the emergency commodity transporting and scheduling model about with time limit, multi-supply center and multi-target, and showed the solution method of intermediate variables. At last via the advantage of ant colony optimization on TSP and VRP problems, use the analyze algorithm built the solving model of the time-limit, multi-supply center emergency commodity transporting and scheduling problem and gave the solution progress.更多还原