【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 张匀华；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江八一农垦大学 ， 植物病理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过室内生物学测定、盆栽试验、田间试验研究了不同条件下土壤细菌对大豆根腐病主要病原菌(镰孢菌、立枯丝核菌以及青霉菌)生长的抑制作用及对减轻大豆根腐病病情的作用。研究结果表明:土壤细菌对镰孢菌菌丝生长、产孢量以及大豆各生育期根际非根际镰孢菌数量具有一定的抑制作用,细菌菌量越大,抑制率越高,当接入细菌菌量为5×106cfu/ml时,细菌对其菌丝生长及产孢抑制率分别达98.9%、98.3%;接入细菌越早对镰孢菌的抑制作用越大;随着pH的增加,细菌对镰孢菌的抑制作用逐渐增大,当pH=8.5时,细菌对其菌丝生长及产孢抑制率最高分别为55.7%、91.0%;在10~25℃范围内,细菌对镰孢菌的抑制作用随温度的升高而降低,从25~35℃抑制作用又有所增加,其中当温度为10℃时,细菌对其菌丝生长及产孢抑制率最大分别为60.3%、98.5%;土壤含水量在10%~42%内,细菌对镰孢菌的抑制率随含水量增加先降低后升高,当含水量为42%时,其平均抑制率最高达45.7%;当氮磷钾肥混施时(N=150mg/kg土、P=100mg/kg土、K=50mg/kg土),细菌对镰孢菌抑制率较单施处理要高。土壤细菌对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长及大豆根际非根际立枯丝核菌数量具有明显的抑制作用,随着细菌菌量增加,其抑制作用增大;接入细菌越早其抑制率越高;随着pH的增加,细菌对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用逐渐增大,当pH=8.5时,其抑制作用最大达42.1%;随着温度的升高,细菌对立枯丝核菌抑制作用先降低后增加,在温度为35℃,抑制率最高达51.6%;在土壤含水量为10%~42%内,细菌对立枯丝核菌的抑制率随含水量的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,当土壤含水量为10%时,其抑制率最高为62.9%;施有机肥的处理(有机肥=400mg/kg土),细菌对立枯丝核菌的抑制最高达42.1%。土壤细菌对青霉菌作用是随着细菌菌量的增加,青霉菌数量逐渐减少,当接入细菌菌量为9×107cfu/克干土时,细菌对根际青霉菌平均抑制率达46.1%,对非根际更是高达54.4%;细菌施入时期越早,对青霉菌的抑制作用越明显;随着pH的增大,细菌对大豆根际青霉菌数量的抑制作用先减小后增大,当pH=8.5时,细菌对青霉菌平均抑制率最高为38.1%;细菌对青霉菌的抑制作用随温度的升高先降低后升高,当温度为15℃时,抑制率最大为81.8%,当温度为25℃时,抑制率最小为44.1%;细菌对青霉菌的抑制作用随着土壤含水量的升高逐渐增加,含水量为42%时,其抑制率最高为86.7%;当单施钾肥时(K=50mg/kg土),细菌对青霉菌的平均抑制率最高达34.0%,而当氮磷钾三种肥料混施时,细菌对青霉菌的平均抑制率最低为24.0%。土壤细菌与大豆根腐病主要病原菌相互作用的时间动态研究结果表明:细菌的抑制作用在大豆的苗期和花期比较明显,到结荚期时,细菌的抑制作用明显降低,待到成熟期时,细菌已几乎没有抑制作用。从播种时施入细菌,其抑制作用的持效性可维持60~80天。本文研究表明土壤中细菌对大豆根腐病主要致病菌(镰孢菌、立枯丝核菌、青霉菌)均有一定的抑制作用,通过人为调节其土壤环境条件使其有利细菌繁殖,或通过人为增施细菌,可达到控制其病原真菌,降低根腐病病情的作用。为大豆根腐病的生物、生态学防治提供了依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, it is studied that the soil bacteria influence on inhibiting the growth of soybean root rot (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium) and relieving the ID of soybean root rot by biological determination of the indoor, pot incubation test, field testing.The results show that the soil bacteria can significantly inhibit the growth of fusarium mycelial, the sporulation and the quantity of soybean rhizosphere Fusarium root under the growth period. The inhibitory effect is more obvious as the increase of bacteria, and as soon as the switch-in of bacteria. When the amount of inoculation reaches 5×106 cfu/ml, the inhibition rate is 98.9%、98.3%, respectively .With the increment of pH, the inhibitory effect of bacteria on fusarium mycelial growth and the sporulation increase gradually,it is obvious when the pH is 8.5,. the inhibition rate is 55.7%、91.0%. The inhibitory effect decreases with the increment of temperature under 10-25℃. However, the effect increases with the increment of temperature under 25-35℃. Under 10℃, the inhibitory effect is 60.3%、98.5%.When the soil moisture increases, the inhibitory rate of bacteria decreases first, and then increases. When the water content is 42%, the maximum rate of bacteria inhibition is 45.7%.It is more obvious inhibitory effect that N, P and K fertilizer(N=150 mg/kg soil、P=100 mg/kg soil、K=50 mg/kg soil)were mixedly used than single.Soil bacteria significantly inhibits the growth and the quantity of rhizoctonia solani under the growth period. The inhibitory effect increases as the increment of bacteria, and as soon as the switch-in of the bacteria. The inhibitory effect of bacteria on rhizoctonia solani increases gradually with the increment of pH,the maximum rate of bacteria inhibition is 42.1% when the pH is 8.5. With the increase of the temperature, the inhibitory effect of bacteria decreases first, and then increases. The rate of bacteria inhibition is 51.6% when is 35℃. With the increase of the water content, the inhibitory effect of bacteria decreases first, and then increases. The maximum rate of bacteria inhibition is 62.9% when the water content is 10%. When organic Fertilizer is used(400 mg/kg), there is more obvious inhibitory effect.As the increase of soil bacteria, the penicillium decrease gradually. The sooner the soil bacteria is used, the more obvious inhibitory effects. The inoculation of bacteria is 9×107cfu/g fry soil ,the inhibitory effect can reach 46.1% and 54.4%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of bacteria on penicillium increase gradually with the increment of pH. when pH=8.5, the inhibitory is 38.1%.When the temperature increases, the inhibitory effect of bacteria decrease first, and then increase. When the temperature is 15℃and 25℃.the inhibitory is 81.8% and 44.1%. With the increase of soil moisture, the inhibitory rate of bacteria increases gradually. When the water content is 42%, the maximum rate of bacteria inhibition is 86.7%. The maximum rate of bacteria inhibition 34.0% appears when the K fertilizer(K=50 mg/kg soil) is used solely, while minimum 24.0% appears when the N, P and K fertilizer is used together.The investigate of seasonal dynamic between bacteria and soybean root rot pathogens shows that: Inhibition of bacteria in soybean seedling stage and flowering more obvious to passing period, significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of bacteria, until maturity, the bacteria which have almost no inhibition. Planting that is applied from the beginning of bacteria,The persistent effect of Bacteria inhibition can be maintained about 60-80 days.The investigation shows that the soil bacteria can inhibit Soybean root rot pathogens(fusarium, rhizoctonia solani penicillium) growth significantly. Soybean root rot can be controled by adjusting the conditions of the soil environment to conducive to bacterial growth. Or by using man-made bacteria to control the pathogens, it can decrease the state of Soybean root rot. The paper provides the basis for the biology and ecology prevention and cure of soybean root rot .更多还原