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新联结主义：二语习得的认知视角
Neo-connectionism: A Cognitive Perspective of Second Language Acquisition
【作者】 刘晓玲；
【导师】 李小华；
【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2009， 硕士
【摘要】 新联结主义是一种有别于符号主义的认知领域的理论,该理论利用人工神经网络来解释人类大脑的认知活动,并可以动态整体地解释二语习得的认知机制。本文通过对新联结主义认知论基本观点的评述尝试解释二语习得领域的三大假说,即“监察模型”输入假说、二语习得关键期假设和二语习得自然顺序假说,并采用理论描述与实例演示相结合的方法,将新联结主义融入到三个假说相关问题的运行机制当中,从宏观和微观两个方面理解二语习得领域关于输入、年龄以及习得顺序的争论。同时将这种尝试与其它理论在这一方面的探讨加以比较,阐释新联结主义在这一领域独特的理论价值。为了避免理论的片面性,文章吸取了社会语言学等相关学科的观点,试图将语言现象与人脑内部机制方面的探讨置于社会这一更加宏观的体系当中,力求使两个学科相互补充,相互借鉴。本文在介绍新联结主义理论优越性的基础上,将其运用于实践,特别对二语习得以及外语教学提出了一些建议,并将基于新联结主义认知论产生的连通主义与二语习得的最新理论——对话论进行比较,最终发掘出认知理论与二语习得发展新取向的认知同向性,即社会性。
【Abstract】 Neo-connectionism is a cognitive theory different from Symbolism. It attempts to explain the working mechanism of human brain by artificial neural network. This theory supplies a dynamic and integrated perspective to the cognitive mechanism of SLA. This paper probes into the potential power of neo-connectionism to explain the three hypotheses of SLA, including Krashen’s Input Hypothesis of Monitor Model, the Critical Period Hypothesis and the Natural Order Hypothesis. Furthermore, both theoretical descriptions and demonstrations of examples are used to put the theory into the working mechanism of relevant problems which are closely related to the three hypotheses above. In this way, the discussion about input, age difference and route of SLA can be understood both macroscopically and microscopically. At the same time, there is a comparison between the attempt and the discussion about this problem in other fields in order that the prominent value of the theory can be proved. Some points from relevant subjects such as social linguistics are assimilated so that the discussion can be comprehensive. This attempt is to put the study on language phenomena and the internal mechanism of human brain into the macro-structure of human society. The two fields end with compatibility finally. Based on the exposition above, neo-connectionism is applied to practice, especially to SLA and FLT. Then follows a comparison between Connectivism and Dialogism which respectively demonstrate the new development of the two fields and finally the congruity of their new orientation can be discovered, i.e. sociality.