【作者】 邓金环；

【导师】 蔡再生；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 有机化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 烷基多苷（Alkyl Polyglycosides，简称APG）是90年代以来国际上致力开发的一种新型非离子表面活性剂。它具有很多优良的性质，如表面张力低、发泡力好、去污力强、配伍性能好、对皮肤刺激性小、易生物降解等，被广泛用于洗涤行业和化妆品行业中。目前，国内工厂大多采用两步法，即葡萄糖先和低碳醇（C₁～C₄）反应，然后加入高碳醇（一般是C₈以上）发生双醇交换反应，最后生成目的产物长链醇的烷基多苷。这种方法的缺点是原材料消耗较大，产物得率低，且副产物多，另外要回收低碳醇，合成工艺路线长，操作复杂，成本高。本文以十二醇和葡萄糖为原料，在酸性催化剂作用下采用直接法合成了十二烷基多苷。通过大量的实验，得出了影响此合成反应的主要因素分别是：醇糖摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应压力等。然后通过正交实验研究了这些因素对产物得率的具体影响，得出了最佳的合成工艺条件：反应温度115℃，压力40mmHg，醇糖物质的量的比6：1，催化剂用量为1％（对葡萄糖的质量）。另外还对十二烷基多苷的表面张力、发泡性能及其泡沫稳定性、去污性能、复配性能进行了系统研究，结果表明当浓度为0.2g/L时，其表面张力可达26.87mN／m；其泡沫稳定性非常好，2.5h后其泡沫高度仍保持在53.2mm；去污力也明显好于LAS、AES；且与其他表面活性剂（LAS、AES等）复配时表现出良好的协同增效性。在充分了解了十二烷基多苷的各项具体性质后，把它与其它阴离子表面活性剂进行复配，制备了高效的精练剂；并把这种精练剂用于纯棉织物的精练，得到了良好的精练效果。其最佳的精练工艺条件为：浴比1：20，常压煮沸1.5h，精练剂5g／L，NaOH20g／L。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alkyl Polyglucosides is a new type of nonionic surfactant. It has many advantages, such as very lower surface tension, good capability of foaming, favorable biological degradation and so on. It has been applied to detergent and cosmetics industries widely.Two-step method is mainly used in most factories at present. Firstly glucose reacts with some low alcohol（C₁-C₄）, and then reacts with some long alcohol（>C₈）. The target compounds finally have been obtained once the double alcohol exchange reaction completes. This method has many disadvantages, such as more raw materials consumed, lower yield, more side-products, needing lower alcohol reclaimed, long process and complicated operation, as well as higher costing.In this thesis, dodecyl polyglucosides was synthesized by the direct way. Dodecanol and glucose react in the presence of a kind of acid catalyst. The major factors of this synthesis reaction were determined after many experiments. They are the ratio of dodecanol and glucose, quantities of the acid catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction pressure respectively. The effect of these major factors on the yield of the product was investigated in detail. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal synthesizing condition was gained as follows: temperature of 115℃, pressure of 40mmHg, the ratio of dodecanol and glucose of 6:1, catalyst of 1% （on weight of glucose）.And then, the surface tension, foaming power and its stability, detergency and compatibility with other surfactants were emphatically investigated. When the concentration of Dodecyl polyglucosides is 0.2g/L, the value of surface tention is 28.67mN/m; and its foam stability is excellent too. In addition, it has good detergency and shows favorable synergism when mixed with other surfactants.After testing the characteristics of the dodecyl polyglucosides, a high efficient scouring agent was prepared by mixing with some other anionic surfactants; It was proved to be powerful when used in scouring pure cotton fabrics. Its optimal condition of scouring is as follows: scouring agent of 5g/L, NaOH of 20g/L, the bath ratio of 1:20, boiling 1.5h at normal pressure.更多还原