【作者】 李玉；

【导师】 敖日格乐；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 动物生产与管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,畜禽粪便产生的污染已成为我国农村面污染的主要来源。堆肥化技术是世界上许多国家和地区应用较广泛的一种畜禽粪便及其它有机固体废弃物转变为再生资源的有效方法。本试验是结合内蒙古地区对畜禽粪便处理中存在的实际问题,并借助国内外的研究成果,主要研究了奶牛粪便致病性粪肠球菌的分离鉴定和在较低温度条件下,牛粪堆肥中添加石灰氮对杀灭病原性粪肠球菌的效果及其对堆肥发酵的影响。整个研究内容与结果如下:1从呼和浩特市地区某奶牛场40头健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛直肠新鲜粪便中共分离出36株粪肠球菌,经鉴定致病性粪肠球菌为11株,致病株检出率为30.6%。2在不同温度(20℃、30℃、37℃、50℃)下,牛粪堆肥中添加石灰氮时,30℃是杀灭粪肠球菌较理想的堆肥温度。在此温度条件下添加不同比例的石灰氮(0%、1%、2%、3%)进行堆肥试验,结果表明,处理组Ⅲ在堆肥第3 d时已检测不到粪肠球菌;其余各组在堆肥的第10d时仍能检出粪肠球菌。3采用通风和翻堆等方式,在室内进行堆肥试验,对照组不添加石灰氮,处理组Ⅰ、处理组Ⅱ和处理组Ⅲ:石灰氮的添加量分别为1%、2%、3%。分析了堆肥过程中堆料的物理特性、温度、水分、pH、有机质、T—N、GI、大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌数量的变化情况。结果表明,石灰氮的添加虽起到杀灭大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌等病原菌的效果但使堆肥发酵受到影响,对照组堆体温度迅速升高,而添加石灰氮的各处理组却出现高温推迟现象。堆肥各组大肠杆菌迅速达到检出界限以下,而粪肠球菌的检出除了处理组Ⅲ外,其余各组到堆肥结束时仍能检测到粪肠球菌。随着石灰氮添加量的增加各处理组T—N的增加量逐渐减少、堆体达到腐熟所需的时间相对越长。对照组与各处理组堆肥结束时均已达到腐熟。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, livestock and poultry manure has become major source of pollution from rural aspects in China. Composting technology is an effective way which transform animal manure and other organic solid waste into renewable resources,and used widerly in many countries and regions in the world. This test combined with the practical problems which exest in handeng of livestock and poultry manure in Inner Mongolia, and use of domestic and foreign research results, mainly studied isolation of pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis from cow manure ,and at lower temperatures, added lime nitrogen to cattle manure compost on the killing effect of pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis and impac of composting. The research and its results were as follows:1 36 strains of Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from 40 healthy Holstein cows’manure from a dairy farm in Hohhot area, 11 strains of all Isolates were identified as pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis,and pathogenic detection rate was 30.6%.2 At different temperatures (20℃, 30℃, 37℃, 50℃), when added lime nitrogen to cattle manure compost, 30℃is an ideal compost temperature of kill Enterococcus faecalis. And at this temperature, added different doses of lime nitrogen (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) for composting, the results, the treatment groupⅢwas not detected Enterococcus faecalis on the 3d of composting,and the other groups were still detected Enterococcus faecalis on the 10d.3 The experiment adoped the ways of ventilation and turning to taok a small indoor composting.The control group without antimicrobial agent,the treatment groups: the addition of antimicrobial agents were 1%, 2%, 3% .And there analysed changes of materials’physical properties, temperature, moisture, pH, organic matter, T-N, GI, the quantity of E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed that the addition of lime nitrogen can played the effect of killing pathogens of both E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis ,but the composting were affected. Control group, the temperature of compost rapidly increased,while the all treatment groups which added lime nitrogen have occurred the phenomenon of high temperature late. The quantity of E. coli of all groups quickly reached under the detection limits,while as the end of composting Enterococcus faecalis of each groups still could be detected besides the treatment groupⅢ. With the increasing of the addition of lime nitrogen,the addition of T-N of each treatment gradually decreased,and the time to decomposing was relatively longer. At the end of composting the control group and treatment groups have all reached maturity.更多还原