【作者】 王葵；

【导师】 白京兰；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 法律史， 2011， 硕士

【副题名】基于杨增新的法律实践

【摘要】 法律思想是一个形而上的东西,是精神层面的东西,但是法律思想又不可能仅仅停留在思想层面而脱离开法律实践,所以本文描写杨增新的法律思想着眼于通过其国内外的法律实践来抽离出其法律思想,以求思想和实践的相互对应。所以本文的写作顺序是这样的:首先详细介绍了杨增新关于国内治理方面的法律思想:一是在推进司法统一的前提下,尊重各民族不同的司法习惯,在法律实践中能体现这一思想的就是审检两厅的暂行缓设和俄文法政学校的设立;二是诉讼程序中廉、平、明、快的审判思想,在法律实践中能体现这一思想的是禁止诉讼费用的交纳、禁止罚金的滥用,对官员不公平判案的惩处,停止刑讯、跪讯的适用,发挥证据对查清案情的作用,对地方县属结案情况进行审核四个方面;三是注重对犯罪嫌疑人、犯人权利的保护,在法律实践中能体现这一思想的是停止刑讯、跪讯的适用和刑罚执行场所——监狱的改良。再次,详细介绍了杨增新在外交涉中的法律思想:一是维护国家独立权的法律思想,在法律实践中体现这一思想的是处理南疆事件,处理阿勒泰事件,应对俄国内乱事件;二是维护国家管辖权的法律思想,在法律实践中体现这一思想的是处理沙俄败兵难民逃入塔城扰疆事件和处理沙俄假道军械事件;三是维护国家自保权的法律思想,在法律实践中体现这一思想的是联合苏俄红军剿灭白匪军事件;四是维护国家平等权的法律思想,在法律实践中体现这一思想的是在俄设立领使馆事件。最后是对杨增新法律思想的评价,杨增新之所以具有如此丰富的法律思想,在国内和国际方面有如此大量的法律实践,与其自身的经历有关也与当时的社会环境有关。所以本文最后一是介绍了形成杨增新法律思想的政治和思想原因。二是介绍了杨增新的法律思想对当时的新疆和今天的社会的影响。杨增新司法方面的法律思想对社会的影响表现在:尊重各民族不同的司法习惯这一法律思想对今天我们民族区域自治法的制定具有借鉴意义,而且其诉讼程序中廉、平、明、快的审判思想与我们今天司法程序中追求的廉洁、公平、效率有异曲同工之妙,注重对犯罪嫌疑人、犯人权利的保护与我们今天既惩罚犯罪又对其进行教育改造的理念很相近。而对当时的新疆来说,新疆地处边陲,民族众多,各民族杂居相处,民族关系复杂,汉族不及百分之一,用汉族统一的法律显然不能处理好多民族间的纠纷,杨增新能审时度势,因地制宜,尊重各民族不同的宗教法、习惯法的适用,又注重体恤犯人,对官吏严格要求,对维护新疆的稳定、缓解官民矛盾、民族矛盾都有很大作用。杨增新执政时期致力于运用国际法的原则维护国家的独立权、管辖权、自保权和平等权,妥善处理了沙俄扰疆的一系列事件,使新疆人民享受了几十年的安宁,维护了新疆的稳定,就像他自己说过的“秉節交涉,盖亦繁矣,而执约专对,龂龂抗争,尺寸之土毫末之权不以让人”。“使得国家权利未有丧失,且使新省居民享有十数年安宁之生活,修养生息,”以史为鉴,对于当今和平与发展的国际大环境下,我们更应该注重运用国际法的原则来处理国际争端。更多还原

【Abstract】 Legal thinking is a metaphysical thing, is something spiritual, but the law can not merely ideological but also in the ideological level, but separated from the legal practice, this article describes the new legal thinking Yang focuses on domestic and international law through its practice detachment out its legal thinking, thinking and practice in order to correspond to each other.So this writing in this order: first described in detail by Yang on domestic governance in the new legal thinking: First, the premise of promoting the unity of justice, respect for the judicial habits of different nations, in legal practice to reflect this thinking Office is the examination of two Temporary relief setting and the establishment of the Russian School of Law; the second is the proceedings Lian, Ping, Ming, and quick thinking of the trial, in legal practice can embody this idea is to prohibit the payment of court costs, fines against the abuse ,officials to decide cases of unfair punishment, stop torture, kneeling hearing the application, to play the role of evidence to identify the case, closing the local county to conduct audits in four areas; Third, pay attention to the suspect, the protection of the rights of prisoners In legal practice can embody this idea is to stop the torture, kneeling inquiry and punishment for places - prison improvements.Again, details of new external representations of the Yang’s legal thinking: First, the law to safeguard national independence of thought, embodied in the legal practice is the idea of event handling in southern Xinjiang, Altay incident handling, incident response to civil unrest in Russia; the second is to maintain national jurisdiction, legal thinking, reflected in legal practice dealing with the thought of refugees fled to Russia defeated army Xinjiang Tacheng disturbance events and deal with Russia false passage ordnance events; third, the right to safeguard national self-protection legal thought, embodied in the legal practice is the idea of the joint Soviet Red Army to wipe out the white bandit troops events; fourth is to safeguard the right of national equality of legal thought, embodied in the legal practice of the ideology established in the Russian Embassy event.Finally, the new law is thought Yang evaluation, the reason why Yang has such a wealth of new legal thinking, in the domestic and international law have such a large practice, with its own experience but also with the community about the environment. So this last one is introduced by the formation of new legal thinking Yang political and ideological reasons. Second is to introduce a new legal thinking Yang Xinjiang at that time and today’s society in Xinjiang, the Xinjiang is located in the periphery, many nationalities, all ethnic groups live together in harmony, complex ethnic relations, less than one percent of Han nationality, the law is clearly consistent with the Han Chinese can not handle a lot of inter-ethnic disputes, the new can size up the situation Yang, local conditions, respect for their different religious law, customary law applies, and pay attention to compassionate prisoners, strict requirements on the officials, the maintenance of the stability of Xinjiang, officials and people ease the conflict, ethnic conflict has a significant role.Yang during the reign of the new principles of international law committed to the use of safeguard national independence, jurisdiction, rights and equal rights to protect themselves and properly handle a series of events Xinjiang Russia interference, so that the people of Xinjiang enjoy the peace for decades, maintaining the Xinjiang ,as he himself said, "Ping-section of negotiations, covers also complicated men, and the implementation of some special right, Yanyan protest, the right size of the soil Haomo not to people."更多还原