【作者】 李玲；

【导师】 周殿生；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 语言学与应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 “比”字句在《汉语水平等级标准与语法等级大纲》中被列为甲级语法大纲,是中亚留学生学习汉语特殊句式的一个重点,也是一个难点。“比”字句及其变体形式复杂多样,吕文华从形式和语义方面把“比”字句划分为十个等级,陈珺、周小兵将“比”字句分为十二种句式,这无论对中亚留学生的学还是对对外汉语老师的教,都是一件令人头痛的事。本文在收集的语料基础上考察了中亚留学生汉语“比”字句的习得情况,通过对语料归类、分析,我们发现中亚留学生在学习过程中出现了千奇百怪的错误,这些错误重点不在语言格式上,而是表现在“比”字句中程度副词的误用、比较项和结果项等方面的偏误。本文对这些偏误进行了分析并作出解释,结果发现,中亚留学生学习汉语“比”字句与英语、日语、韩语等背景的学生相比,既体现出共性,又显示出个性。在此基础上,本文提出了“比”字句教学应坚持的五个原则:第一,坚持结构、语义、语用相结合;第二,重视“比”字句形式和意义相搭配的语义认知解释;第三,坚持循序渐进,螺旋上升的教学原则;第四,坚持针对学习者的偏误进行教学;第五,坚持感性化教学和图示化教学。同时本文对“比”字句肯定式和否定式的课堂教学分别提出了一些设想,希望对“比”字句的学与教有所帮助。更多还原

【Abstract】 In "Chinese Proficiency Rank Standard And Grammar Rank Program", "Bi" is listed as a-grade grammar program. It is a key point and a difficulty for Central Asia foreign students to study a Chinese special sentence. "Bi" and its variations are complex, they are divided into ten grades by Lv Wenhua according to form and semantic aspects. Chen Jun, Zhou Xiaobing divided "Bi" into twelve kinds of sentences, which is a cause for headache for both Central Asian students to learn and teachers of foreign language to teach. In this paper, we collected many "Bi" sentences of Chinese which are used by Central Asia foreign students. According to "Bi" bias analysis, we found that students in the learning process in Central Asia appears strange errors that focus on not in the language format, but the performance of the "Bi" in the misuse of adverbs of degree, compare items and results of key aspects of bias. In this paper, these errors are analyzed and explained, finding that students learning Chinese "Bi" sentences in Central Asia not only reflected common, and show personality with English, Japanese, Korean and other backgrounds.On this basis, the paper proposes "Bi" sentences teaching should adhere to the five principles: First, adhere to the structure, semantics, pragmatics combination; Second, emphasis on interpretation of form and semantic cognition of "Bi" sentences; Third, adhere to the gradual spiral teaching principles; Fourth, insist on bias against the teaching of learners; Fifth, adhere to icons teaching and emotional teaching. What’s more, this paper puts forward some ideas for the teaching of affirmative and negative "Bi" sentences. We hope these are helpful for learning and teaching "Bi" sentences.更多还原