【作者】 江涛；

【导师】 何俊；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在明初朱学独尊的背景下,薛瑄以继承儒家道统为己任,对儒学大统及其精义所关有体贴认识。他于程朱学说用力甚勤,学宗南宋朱熹,兼顾北宋周敦颐、二程、张载之学,是早期明代最有代表性的思想家之一。但在明初特定的社会环境及思想背景下,薛瑄的思想又与程朱学说发生较大背离,使得明代儒学发展出现新的趋势,从中也可以看出一些理学向心学转变的端倪。具体而言,在天道观上,薛瑄继承朱熹的理气关系建构,有限度地保留“理”的本体统摄意义,但强调理气“决不可分先后”、“理气无缝隙”,更多地转向对实然的宇宙世界予以思考与探索,在朱熹那里作为价值来源一层的“理”在薛瑄思想中已明显淡化。对理气关系中至关重要的“格物致知”一节,薛瑄的学说范型也与程朱的学说范型发生较大变化。儒家学说的核心是道德哲学,在朱熹的思想体系里面,“格物致知”、“即物穷理”是个人主体达到所谓“融汇贯通”(完善的道德人格)的必要条件,知识的日渐积累占有首要地位,但在薛瑄这里,“格物”已更多的是格“身心之理”,“穷理”亦是以内具于心之理与事物之理形成结合,知识成分已成次要。为解决格物是否一定能够达到“贯通”这一问题,朱熹强调“敬”的主观状态对学者把握“理”的重要作用,薛瑄也重视“敬”这一条目,不同的是,在程朱,“敬”属德性修养诸德目中的其中一目,而在薛瑄,则为惟一之目,他又将“敬”作为心的一种属性,敬愈重要,则心亦愈重要。这种思想旨趣的差异,实引发明代儒学发展的新趋势,开明代心学的先河。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the development of early Ming Neo-Confucianism, Cheng-Zhu Doctrine became the major thought. Xue Xuan, a great Confucian in early Ming dynasty, took the Transmission of Confucius’s Orthodoxy as his mission, originated from Zhu Xi in Southern Song dynasty, introjected the doctrine of Zhou Dunyi and Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai, became the most symbolic Zhuzist in early Ming dynasty. But, in the particular background of early Ming dynasty, Xue Xuan’ doctrine occurred away from Zhu Xi, along with the change, we can see the conversion from Studies of Moral Principles(理学) to Learning of the Mind and Heart (心学)In particular, Xue Xuan inherited Zhu Xi’s theory of Li and Qi, he kept Zhu Xi’s thing-in-itself meaning of Li in a limited way, but he put forward the theory of seamless and no-sequence between Li and Qi directing towards Zhu Xi’s doctrine of Li Xian Qi Hou, thus, in a way, he ignored Zhu Xi’s Li as a source of value, mainly stressed the reality meaning of cosmology. The core of Confucianism is moral philosophy, and in Zhu Xi’s theory, Ge Wu Zhi Zhi is the primary item for the construction of a perfect moral personality, the accumulation of knowledge is very important. But in Xue Xuan’s theory, Ge Wu is more like finding the principle of one’s mind and heart, not so much as the pursuit of knowledge. In order to make sure Ge Wu can led to acquiring knowledge thoroughly, Zhu Xi emphasize the idea of Jing, and so does Xue Xuan, the difference is, Zhu Xi take Jing as one item of virtue cultivation, but Xue Xuan think Jing is the only one. Since Xue Xuan think Jing is one property of the heart, the more he focus on Jing, the more he focus on the heart.更多还原