【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 张润泽；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 我国在20世纪末进行的学前教育体制改革,将学前教育的办学体制逐渐转变为依托社会力量发展学前教育,在缺乏国家和地方政府政策支持的情况下,全国学前教育呈现全面滑坡的局面,企事业单位办幼儿园和集体办幼儿园数量大幅度减少,民办幼儿园数量快速增加,民办幼儿园基本自主定价,学费增长迅速,连带影响公办园学费也一路上涨。由于不能保障学前教育的经费投入,地方政府对这种高收费现象采取放任自流的态度,以市场为主要提供方式的学前教育给中低收入家庭造成了沉重负担,大大损害了学前教育公平和教育平等权。造成这些突出问题的原因在于政府在发展学前教育中的责任不清楚,甚至是忽视了政府的责任。学前教育作为一种准公共产品,需要采取哪种提供方式引起了笔者的思考；教育成本应该由政府还是家长来承担,也是我国学界长期以来争论不休的热点话题。界定学前教育中政府责任的和明确学前教育成本的来源和提供方式,是影响学前教育发展的关键要素。要加快学前教育事业发展,推进学前教育均衡发展,保障公民受教育的权利,就要全面、客观、准确地认识和把握学前教育的特性,明确政府、社会、家长在学前教育中的责任,着力解决学前教育经费的瓶颈制约,建立科学、合理、规范的学前教育成本分担机制。本文研究建议,解决我国学前教育发展的问题,明确和强化政府责任是根本的出路。在目前状况下,解决我国学前教育经费的瓶颈,应加大政府对于学前教育的财政投入,同时充分利用民间资本。在保障基本政府供给的前提下,允许家庭自由进行选择,同时对弱者实施补偿性援助。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the reform of preschool education system at the end of twentieth century, China’s school-running system of preschool education changed gradually from government-led to non-governmental sectors diving. For the lack of policy support by the state and local governments, the preschool education deteriorated as a whole. The number of kindergartens running by public enterprises and institutes and collectives is decreasing dramatically, while the number of private kindergartens is increasing sharply. As the private kindergartens decide the tuition almost themselves, the tuition in private kindergartens is growing rapidly which also leads the tuition increasing in public kindergartens. Because of unable to insure investments to preschool education, local governments take a laisser faire attitude to high tuition of preschool education. The market-led preschool education running system imposes heavy burden to low-income families and damages the fairness of preschool education and the right of equal education. Unclear responsibilities of the governments and even ignoring their responsibilities by the governments are the primary cause of the aforementioned problems. As a kind of quasi-public product, how to running preschool education is a question worth considering. The costs of preschool education should be bare by government or parent is a hot topic discussing in our academic community for a long time. Defining the responsibilities of governments in preschool education and clearing who running preschool education and bearing the costs are the key elements to development preschool education. Developing the preschool education quickly and evenly, securing the education right of citizens should understand the characteristics of preschool education objectively and comprehensively, define the responsibilities of governments, society and parents respectively and work hard to resolve the problem of investment to preschool education, therefore establishing scientific, reasonable, normative and orderly cost sharing mechanism of preschool education.This paper studies the proposal to resolve the issue of development of China’s pre-school education, clear and strengthen the government’s responsibility is the fundamental way out. In the current circumstances, to solve the bottleneck of China’s pre-school funding should be increased government financial input for the pre-school education, taking full advantage of private capital. The protection of basic premise of the government supply, allowing families free to choose, while the weak implementation of the compensatory aid.更多还原