【作者】 叶玲；

【导师】 凌辉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对一组超常儿童的适应问题、自我效能感、心理健康状况进行调查,并与常态儿童比较,同时探究和分析超常儿童适应问题、自我效能感、心理健康三者之间的关系,为超常儿童的培养和教育提供依据。综合教师推荐、智力测验和学业成绩,选取IQ≥130,期末考试主课成绩≥95分的超常儿童32名组成超常组(女生7人,男生25人),平均年龄为9.09±0.78岁。同时选取91名非超常儿童组成对照组(女生39人,男生52人),平均年龄为9.29±1.06岁。采用学生适应问题问卷、一般自我效能感问卷、学业自我效能感问卷、心理健康诊断量表(MHT)进行测量。同时,采用访谈法对4名儿童(超常与非超常儿童各两名)进行深度访谈。研究结果表明：1.学生适应问题问卷信效度良好,适用于中国大陆超常儿童样本。2.超常儿童在学生适应问题问卷的功课缺乏挑战性维度上性别差异显著,女生得分显著低于男生；超常儿童一般自我效能感得分性别差异显著,女生一般自我效能感水平显著高于男生；不同性别超常儿童在MHT总分及各维度上差异不显著。3.超常组儿童在学生适应问题问卷的人际关系不良维度上得分显著低于对照组；在学业自我效能感方面,超常组学习能力自我效能感得分显著高于对照组；超常组的MHT总分显著低于对照组,并在对人焦虑、过敏倾向、恐怖倾向等维度上的得分显著低于对照组。4.超常儿童的适应问题与其心理健康相关显著。5.超常儿童的学习能力自我效能感与MHT总分及对人焦虑、孤独倾向、冲动倾向存在显著负相关。6.多元逐步回归分析显示人际关系不良、强烈投入、学习能力自我效能感与MHT总分存在显著线性关系。本研究结果提示,超常儿童的适应能力、自我效能感、心理健康状况都优于常态儿童。超常儿童适应问题、自我效能感与心理健康水平有密切关系。良好的适应能力和较高的学业自我效能感是超常儿童心理健康状况优于一般儿童的可能原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of the research was to investigate the status of adjustment problem, self-efficacy and mental health of gifted children, to compare the differences between gifted children and normal children, to analyze the relationship among adjustment problem, self-efficacy and mental health of talent children, and to make suggestions as to how to educate gifted children.Based on comprehensive consideration of teacher recommendation, intelligent test and academic-achievement,32 gifted children (25 male and 7 female, average age 9.09±0.78)were screened on the standard of IQ≥130 and academic-achievement≥95, and 91 non-gifted children(52 male and 39 female, average age 9.29±1.06) were selected as control. All the subjects were assessed with Student Adjustment Problem Inventory(SAPI-24), General Self-efficacy Scale, Academic Self-efficacy Scale and Mental Health Test (MHT).And,4 children(including 2 gifted children and 2 non-gifted children)were interviewed as auxiliary evidence.Result:(1)SAPI-24 had good reliability and validity,and was suitable for the gifted children of Chinese mainland.(2)For gifted children,there was significant difference between males and female on the dimension of unchallenging schoolwork of SAPI-24 and on general self-efficacy, and the scores of unchallenging schoolwork of females were significant lower than males, females general self-efficacy was significant higher than males; no significant differences between sexes was found on MHT.(3)Gifted children’s scores on poor interpersonal relations were significantly lower than normal children’s; the gifted’s scores of study ability self-efficacy were significantly higher than the control group’s; the gifted group had significantly lower scores of the MHT total score, anxiety to people, allergy tendency, terror tendency than the normal children. (4)For the gifted children, adjustment problem was significantly related to mental health. (5)Study ability self-efficacy of the gifted children were significantly negatively related to MHT total score and anxiety to people, loneliness tendency, impulsion tendency. (6)Multi-dimension stepwise regression analysis showed that poor interpersonal relations, intense involvement, study ability self-efficacy were significant predictors of MHT total score.The research shows that the gifted children’s adjustment, self-efficacy and mental health status are better than the normal children. There are significant relationship among adjustment problem, self-efficacy, mental health of gifted children. Excellent adjustment ability and self-efficacy may be the cause of better mental health of the gifted than the normal.更多还原