【作者】 鲁彬；

【导师】 任广浩；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 良好的中央与地方关系是一个国家稳定、和谐发展的重要基础。中国是一个超大型国家,幅员辽阔、人口数量巨大、有多个少数民族自治地区,另外还有香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、台湾地区等由于历史原因所形成的特殊地方行政区域,再加上我国复杂的行政管理层级等,以上因素决定了如何处理好中央地方关系、施行符合中国国情的地方自治制度,是关系到国家稳定、繁荣和长治久安的不可或缺的条件。对该问题进行探讨,有着十分重要的理论和现实意义。美国也是世界上超大型国家之一,独立后也一直面临着如何处理联邦与地方关系的问题。经过二百多年的发展,美国在联邦与地方关系与地方自治领域进行了许多探索,也取得了相当多的成果。本文以美国的地方政府制度和地方自治为研究主题,对于美国地方政府之间的关系沿革过程、地方政府与地方自治的制度安排以及未来发展趋势进行研究,以期对中国未来的地方自治和政府制度改革以及地方关系寻求合理的解决方法和途径。本论文分为四个部分:第一部分,美国地方自治的起源及其宪政价值。从美国的地方政府及地方自治的界定入手,对美国是如何界定和划分地方政府进行研究;阐述了美国地方政府及地方自治的历史发展;分析了美国地方政府的职能和权限;论证了地方自治在美国建国后二百多年历史中的宪政价值。第二部分,美国地方政府与联邦政府权限划分及其影响因素。对美国联邦政府与地方政府对职权是如何划分的进行阐述,进而对于美国地方政府和联邦政府在发生纠纷的时候是如何处理的进行阐述;分析了引起美国联邦政府与地方政府发生争议的因素,并从立法、财政、行政方面对其争议解决的方式进行了探析。第三部分,美国地方自治及联邦与地方关系的新发展。对美国地方自治与联邦和地方之间的关系变革的进行阐述,对其近年来出现的一些新的举措进行了分析;对于美国地方自治及联邦与地方关系变革的特点及未来发展趋势进行探讨。第四部分,美国地方自治对中国政府制度改革的借鉴。首先对于我国当前地方政府制度与地方自治存在的问题进行了分析;然后从分析从美国地方政府治理的核心五个方面等对美国地方自治优点进行了总结。提出规范的公共财政和美国地方政府在决策中贯彻民主三原则的制度等制度对中国的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Good relations between central and local are very important to the stability of a country. It’s an important foundation for the harmonious development. China is a large country with vast territories and huge population, there are several ethnic minority autonomous areas, especially, Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan due to historical reasons, these factors determine how to handle the central-local relations and the implementation of local self-government system in line with China’s national conditions, which are related to national stability, prosperity and long-term stability of the conditions. It has a very important theoretical and practical significance to discuss the issue. The U.S. is one of the worlds large; post-independence who has also been faced with how to handle the relationship between federal and local issues. After two hundred years of development and practical, the United States achieved a lot after carry federal system. Based on U.S. local government system and local self-government as a research topic, the development process between the local government of the United States benefits and help develop China’s local self-government and governmental systems in the future.This thesis is divided into four parts:The first part, the origin of local self-government and its constitutional value, From the U.S. definition of the local government and local self-start, explains how the United States define and study by the local government; describes the U.S. history of local government and local self-development, and its functions and powers; demonstrates the constitutional value after United States two hundred years of local government history.The second part , the U.S. local and federal division of authority and influence factors, explained the U.S. federal government and local government authority, and how to deal with the elaboration when local government and the U.S. federal government has disputes; analysis of factors, as well as the legislative, financial, and administrative dispute resolution.The third part, the new development of the U.S. federal and local governments and local relations, Local Autonomy and the United States the relationship between federal and local changes in the elaboration of its recent emergence of some new initiatives are analyzed; for the United States between local governments and federal and local changes in the characteristics and future trends are discussed.The fourth part, the U.S. system of local self-government reform of the Chinese government for reference, first, discuss the current local government system in our country and the problems of local self-government; and then analysis of the five core aspects of governance by discussing the local governments system from the United States Proposed standard public finance and the implementation of local government of the U.S. as well as the decision-making system of the three principles of democracy and other systems of reference to China.更多还原