【作者】 李明明；

【导师】 张进；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 文学史上描述父子冲突主题的题材横贯古今中外,似乎它就是一个说不完的话题,阐释不完的现象,可以这样说,父子冲突一直贯穿人类历史的始终,它也是文学作品的永恒主题之一。卡夫卡,作为现代文学的代表家,在自己一系列的作品中大量表现父子冲突,“我写的一切都跟您有关,我在书里无非是倾诉了我当着您的面无法倾诉的话”,他还想给自己的全部作品题名为“逃出父亲范围的愿望”,不仅如此,他的个人生活、心理结构和创作生涯都受到了父子关系的影响。了解卡夫卡的“父亲情结”,首先不得不提及西方文化——理性主义和非理性主义对卡夫卡的熏陶。卡夫卡所处的时代正是理性主义和非理性主义交替的时代,从小接受的西方教育使得他熟知理性主义,并恪守理性。然而非理性的到来,是以一种否定性思维方式,否定理性在西方世界中的主导地位,这就使得卡夫卡从内心深处渴望释放自己,解构父亲的权威。这种文化氛围——理性和非理性的争斗,影响着生活中的卡夫卡与父亲的悖谬关系：对父亲既依恋、敬畏、顺从,又叛逆、谴责、反抗。卡夫卡是自传性很强的作家,他把这种情结也投射在文本中,比较典型的代表作是《变形记》、《美国》、《判决》。卡夫卡的家庭是父权意识浓烈的家庭,也是培育卡夫卡“父亲情结”的温床。卡夫卡在随笔《他》中这样写道“他不是为他个人的生活而活着,他不是为他个人的思想而思索,他好像在一个家庭的强制性之下生活着,思索着。”再者,了解卡夫卡的“父亲情结”,还得了解他的思想。卡夫卡的思想来源是多元化的,除了始终对叔本华、尼采和克尔凯郭尔等现代非理性主义思想家有着浓厚的兴趣之外,还包括他对犹太文化的“信仰”。在犹太文化中“神”“父”在某种程度上是统一的,这种与生俱来就拥有的文化无意识,在潜意识中支配着卡夫卡的行动。在卡夫卡的世界中,父亲就是“上帝”,违抗“上帝”只会带来深深地负罪意识。卡夫卡的父亲情结具有历史文化内涵,这种内涵衬托出了卡夫卡“父亲情结”的独特之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subject of parent-child conflict runs through the ancient and modern Chinese theme in literature history. It seems that it is a heating topic. There is no end to explain the phenomenon, it can be said that father and son’s conflict has always been throughout human history, it is also one of the eternal themes of literature. Kafka, as a representative of modern literature, a series of his large works is a good exposure of father and son’s conflict. "My books are about you, in the books I speak out what I can not say in front of you. Furthermore, he wants to name his title as "the desire to escape restrict of his father ".Besides, his personal life, psychological structure and writing career are affected by the parent-child relationship.To understand Kafka’s "father complex", firstly we have to refer to the influence of the western culture----rationalism and irrationalism to Kafka. Kafka lived in an era in which alternated with rationalism and irrationalism.From very young, he accepted Western education which made him familiar with rationalistic and abide by the rationalism. However, The irrationalism is a negative way of thinking, and denying rationalism leading position in the Western world,which made Kafka wants to release himself from his deep heart, deconstructing the father’s "authority".The culture----the struggles between rationality and irrationality, which is totally influenced Kafka and his father’s perverse relationship in life:not only included attachment, fear and obedience, but treason, condemnation and resistance. Kafka is a highly autobiographical writer, who mostly reflected this kind of complex to his works. The typical representative works are "The Metamorphosis", "U.S.", and "Judgment".Kafka’s family is a strong patriarchal family, but also nurturing Kafka’s father complex.Kafka in the essay "him", wrote "He is not to live his own life, he was not for his personal thoughts and thinking, he seemed to live under the mandatory, thinking in a family. "Furthermore, the understanding of Kafka’s father complex is related to his thinking. Kafka is a diversified source of ideas; in addition to always interested in irrational thinkers such as Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard, but also including his Jewish culture "faith." In Jewish culture, "God" "Father" is unified in a way that innately has the cultural unconscious; the subconscious dominates Kafka’s actions. In Kafka’s world, the father is God. Denial of God will bring deep sense of guilt. Kafka’s father is a complex historical and cultural connotation, which reflects the meaning of the Kafka’s father complex is unique.更多还原