【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 周勇；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 思想品德教育是各国教育的一个重要方面。教育要从小抓起,特别是思想道德教育。为使小学品德教育的效果更好,成效更显著,世界上大多数国家都开设了类似的课程,诸如公民课、道德课、社会课等,试图让这些未来的公民尽早接受和内化社会的主流价值观,养成相应的行为习惯。小学思想品德教育课最基本的媒介是教科书。新课程改革之后,我国小学思想品德课程转变为综合性学科,小学教科书分为两类：一是《品德与生活》,使用于小学一二年级；一是《品德与社会》,使用于小学三到六年级。教科书是师生教学活动的向导,可见,教科书的编写质量至关重要。基于回归儿童生活的理念,《品德与社会》教科书版本也层出不穷。人教版、教育科学版、北京师范大学版等版本出现在小学生的书桌上。其实不难发现,各个版本的教科书有一个共同特征：图文并茂。这个特征日益明显有其合理性。但是,这个特征带来了值得思考的问题：“插图”多少才适当?“插图”如何接近以及接近了什么样的儿童生活?“插图”匹配的文字内容是否符合儿童的心理和智力发展情况?全部“插图”描绘了什么样的儿童生活画卷,其中有哪些应该完善的不足及缺憾之处?……这都是摆在大家面前的问题。本论文将研究视角定位于人教版《品德与社会》第一册教科书中的“插图”旨在厘清“儿童生活”的内涵及“回归”方式的基础上,通过教科书文本分析,集中讨论两大问题：一是从课程标准及单元教学目标出发,分析本册教科书“插图”在回归儿童生活这一点上存在哪些不足之处,并给予数据上的支持；二是立足“儿童生活世界”的现实及理论分析,同时结合儿童心理学知识及单元、课时目标,针对“插图”中出现的问题提出相应的插图完善建议。本论文主要安排章节第一章：概要性地介绍国内外“回归儿童生活”、“教科书”及“插图”研究的现状,并在此基础上交代本论文所要研究的对象、主题、内容及研究方法。第二章：概括梳理“回归儿童生活”理念的发展历史,特别总结国内外两位教育家陶行知和杜威关于“生活”和“回归”的主张,并对当代我国教育家关于“生活”和“回归”的理念进行简要梳理。在先辈主张的基础上提出笔者关于这两个关键词的主张,为本文的插图分析提供理论参照及视角。第三章：交代为何选择人教版《品德与社会》,分析该版教科书编写的理论依据,进而引出其编写特征,即图文并茂。第四章：详细统计本册教科书中“插图”出现的频率。主要以“形式”和“内容”为统计维度。“形式”分为两部分：“插图”来源、“插图”与文字结合。“内容”又由“插图”反映地域差异性、“插图”反映生活领域差异性、以及“插图”反映人物差异性三部分内容组成。考虑到单元课时目标对“插图”内容的向导作用,本章反映“内容”的“插图”以单元为单位。这样做的目的是期望能在第五章分析数据时更具有科学性。第五章：本章由三部分组成：本册教科书设计总体思路概述、本册教科书设计思路分析(即发现问题)、完善本册教科书“插图”设计的建议(即解决方案)。重点围绕第二、三部分展开。以笔者自己关于“儿童生活”世界的范畴、单元课时目标以及心理学知识,分析数据,得出本册教科书“插图”存在的五个问题,并就这五个问题提出自己的解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 In every country, ideological and moral education is in the important place. Education should start from childhood, especially the ideological and moral education. In order to get more significant results, most countries have set up similar courses, such as civics, ethics, social curriculum, etc, trying to make these future citizens accept the mainstream values of society as early as possible and develop appropriate behavior. Textbook is the most basic media of primary ideological and moral education class. After the new curriculum reform, textbooks(ideological and moral) of primary school are divided into two categories:Morality and Life, using in first grade to second grade in primary schools; another is Morality and Society, using in third grade to sixth grade.Textbooks are the guide of teachers and students during the teaching activities, so the quality of the preparation of textbooks is essential. Based on the concept of returning to the lives of children, the version of textbook Morality and Society is, also endless. PEP, Education Science and Technology, Beijing Normal version and other versions appear in the students’desks. Obviously that all versions of the textbooks have a common feature:illustrated. It’s reasonable that this feature has become more and more apparent. However, this feature also bright the worth questions:How many "illustration" would be appropriate? How close, and close to what kind of children’ live? Whether the text matches the children’psychological and intellectual development? All "illustration" describes what kind of picture, including what shortcomings and deficiencies are……they are the questions which put in front of everyone.The study of this paper is about the "illustration" of the first textbook published in PEP. Based on clarifying the meaning of children’s lives and the approaches of returning.through analyzing the text book, the paper is focused on two issues:the first, in the basic of curriculum standards, unit goals, analyzing the shortcomings of which not adapt to the philosophy of returning to the lives of children and also providing data support; the second is based on the reality of "Children Living World" and theory, combined with knowledge of child psychology and the unit, lesson objectives to give suggestions which can solve questions.Arrangement of this thesis’s chaptersChapter I:Introducing the research situations of "return to the lives of children", "textbook" and "illustration" at home and abroad summarily and on this basis, the paper will explain the object of study, subject, content and research methods.Chapter II:General combing the history of "return to the lives of children", particularly introduce two famous educators:Xingzhi Tao and Dewey who have the remarkable view on" life" and "return".In the chapter, the view of "life" and "return" concept coming from educators in Contemporary China will be cleared up.Based on the theories of ancestors, the author also gives the concepts on these two key words which provide a theoretical reference and perspective for the study "illustraction" in the paper.Chapter III:Giving the reasons why PEP Morality and Society is choosen, to analyze the theoretical basis for the preparation of textbooks, and thus leads to the preparation of features, is illustrated.Chapter IV:Detailed statistics the frequency the "illustration" of the textbooks. Mainly in the "form" and "content" for statistical dimension, "form" section is divided into two parts:"illustration" source, combination of "illustration" and text. "content" contains the different regions of "illustration" reflecting, the different areas of "life" and the different characters. Taking into the role of cell target, the structure of the chapter is in cells. The aim is to expect the analysis of the data in the fifth chapter is more scientific.Chapter Five:This chapter consists of three parts:the general idea of the design outlined in textbooks, the textbooks design concept analysis (ie, identify problems), improve the "illustration" of textbooks(the solution). The focus is on the second and third sections. Using the view of the author herself on the areas of "children living" unit lesson objectives and knowledge of psychology to analysis the data and obtain five shortcomings in this book, also give own solutions of the five issues更多还原