【作者】 陈超；

【导师】 郑忆石；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着我国学界对马克思主义哲学研究的逐渐深入,马克思主义哲学的研究也逐渐跳出了传统范围。将马克思主义放在西方哲学传统本体论背景下,指明马克思主义哲学在哲学史上的革命性变革作用,尤其是从本体论(存在论)角度揭示马克思主义哲学对于整个哲学史发展地位的重要作用,成为了当前马克思主义哲学研究的热门话题。越来越多的学者期望通过现代哲学的诠释学、现象学、存在主义等理论,从中揭示出马克思主义哲学的当代意义。西方哲学的传统本体论,自柏拉图以来,一直延续至黑格尔。传统本体论的实体中心主义和主客体对立的二分法,长期影响着西方哲学的思维方式,成为了马克思以前哲学家们难以摆脱的思维方式。尽管康德、黑格尔等哲学家以不同的方式尝试超越这种传统本体论方法,但却未能实现,黑格尔更是由此将这种传统推向了顶峰。作为马克思早期的重要作品,《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)自出版以来,引起了国内外众多学者的关注和重视,成为了马克思主义思想研究的重要内容之一。马克思在《手稿》中通过对国民经济学的批判,提出了“异化劳动”理论,并进一步对以《精神现象学》为代表的黑格尔和整个哲学进行了批判。马克思在批判的过程中所阐释的“劳动实践”的观点,成为了超越传统本体论,开启新的哲学思维方式的重要内容。本文旨在通过对西方传统本体论进行梳理,通过分析康德、黑格尔对超越传统本体论作出的努力,指明马克思对黑格尔批判的具体内涵。同时,通过对《手稿》“劳动观”的具体分析,从而指出马克思《手稿》的“劳动观”一方面为现代哲学提供了新的认识世界的思维方式,另一方面也彻底超越了传统本体论,开启了现代存在论的新境域,对现代西方哲学的发展起到了非常重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the deeper academic study of Marxist philosophy, Marxist philosophy is not confined to the traditional areas. There is a heated discussed area that studied from the perspective of ontology, the western philosophical tradition, Marxist philosophy has played an important role in the revolutionary history of philosophy. More and more scholars are working on the contemporary significance of Marxist philosophy based on the study of hermeneutics, phenomenology, existentialism and other theories.From Plato to Hegel, ontology is one of the traditions of western philosophy. Subject centrism and the dichotomy of subject and object have long led the mentality of philosophers before Marx in the way that they can’t get rid of this tradition when doing philosophical studies. Kant and Hegel, who though have tried different ways, failed to transcend this traditional methodology, and the latter even developed ontology to its peak.As an important early works of Marx, "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844" (hereinafter referred to as "manuscript") has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad since its publication, and has become an important component of the Marxism studies. In the manuscript Marx criticized the political economy, proposed the alienated labor theory, and further criticized "The Phenomenology of Mind" by Hegal and the whole philosophical circle following the ontology tradition. Besides, he explained the idea of labor practices, which transcends ontology, opening a new page on philosophical studies.The thesis aims to clarify the Marx’s criticism on the Hegal’s studies through a systematic review of Kant and Hegal’s efforts in transcending ontology. Meanwhile, it will provide a detailed analysis of the labor theories as proposed in the manuscript and point out that on the one hand, the labor theories by Marx provide a new philosophical methodology to comprehend the world; on the other hand, as a significant role in the field of modern western philosophy, it has thoroughly transcended traditional ontology and expedited the birth of modern ontology.更多还原