【作者】 李斌；

【导师】 燕琴；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,气候与环境变化日益加剧,自然灾害的发生日趋频繁,洪涝灾害已成为我国发生最频繁的自然灾害之一,特别是长江中游地区,几乎每年都有发生。卫星遥感凭借其监测范围广、速度快、成本低,且便于进行长期动态监测的特点而一跃取代传统的实地调查方法成为获取洪涝灾害时空分布信息的有效手段。MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)数据以其较高的时间分辨率、空间分辨率和光谱分辨率、覆盖范围广、辐射校正准确、且可以免费获取的优势而成为洪涝灾害监测的一种优秀的数据源。本论文利用MODIS数据提取淹没水体的时间序列变化,以监测长江中游在2000-2010年间的洪涝灾害,并对洪灾的淹没水深和灾后土地利用以及人口方面的受损情况进行评估,目的是综合评估分析近十年洪涝灾害的时空特征。论文首先探讨了卫星遥感水体监测的理论基础和方法,从水体的波谱特征入手,针对TM(Thematic Mapper)影像、MODIS影像、NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceaongraphic Atmospheric Administrative/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)影像、其它光学影像以及微波影像综述了几种水体信息提取的模型和方法。最后描述了利用250m分辨率的MODIS数据监测2000-2010年的发生在长江中游的洪涝灾害的结果,主要的研究内容包括:(1)提取了鄱阳湖和洞庭湖汛期内每8天的淹没范围。结果表明:鄱阳湖的洪灾淹没面积及年最大淹没面积在2000-2010年之间呈上升趋势,其中2010年洪涝灾害淹没面积最大;而东洞庭湖和西南洞庭湖的洪灾淹没面积呈明显下降趋势。三湖在一年内的淹没波动持续时间上最长可达5-6个月;洪涝灾害以6-8月份最为频繁,夏季是该地区洪涝灾害的高发期。(2)计算出各年最大淹没范围时期的淹没水深分布。结果表明:三湖地区洪水淹没深度范围均集中在0-2m范围内;鄱阳湖和东洞庭湖地区位于0-6m淹没水深的淹没面积呈现逐年降低的趋势;而西南洞庭湖地区位于0-2m淹没水深的淹没面积有所增加,位于2-6m淹没水深的淹没面积有降低趋势。(3)对各年洪水淹没所造成的土地利用类型方面的损失以及人口方面的损失进行了评价。结果表明:三湖地区受灾严重的土地类型是水田和旱地,且鄱阳湖地区的水田和旱地的受灾面积呈上升趋势,而东洞庭湖和西南洞庭湖地区水田的受灾面积呈下降趋势,而旱地的受灾面积呈上升趋势。鄱阳湖地区,水田在余干县、都昌县、波阳县受灾比较严重,旱地在波阳县、都昌县、进贤县、星子县受灾较严重;东洞庭湖地区,水田在华容县、岳阳县、岳阳市、沅江市受灾比较严重,旱地在岳阳县、岳阳市受灾较严重;西南洞庭湖地区,水田在沅江市、汉寿县、湘阴县受灾比较严重,旱地在沅江市、汉寿县受灾较严重。鄱阳湖地区2010年是受灾人口最多的年份,其中波阳县是受灾人口最多的县;东洞庭湖地区2009年是受灾人口最多的年份,其中岳阳市是受灾人口最多的县;西南洞庭湖地区2005年是受灾人口最多的年份,其中汉寿县是受灾人口最多的县。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the growing changes of climate and environment, natural disasters have become more and more frequent. Flood disaster is one of the natural disasters with the high frequency in our country, especially in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River where the flood happened almost every year. The satellite data has the advantages of wide coverage, speed monitoring, low cost and is easy to be carried for the long-term dynamic monitoring. Therefore, remote sensing has replaced the traditional monitoring of flood disaster and become an efficient tool for flood monitoring. With the advantage of higher temporal resolution, higher spatial resolution, higher spectral resolution, wide coverage, accurate radiation correction, and free-cost, MODIS thus has become a better choice for long-term dynamic monitoring of disaster. The purpose of this study is to monitor the flooding area in the middle reaches of Yangtze River during 2000-2010 with 250-m MODIS time-series data, and calculate the emerged depth and evaluate the losses of land and population.The study first discussed the theory and method of water monitoring. Then from the spectral characteristics of water, it introduces several methods and models of water monitoring for TM images, MODIS images, NOAA/AVHRR images and some other optical images and microwave images. Finally, monitoring the flooding area in the middle reaches of Yangtze River during 2000-2010 with 250-m MODIS time-series data, the content includes:(1) Extracting every 8-day’s water area of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake in flood season. The results indicate that: the inundated area of the Poyang Lake in 2010 is larger than any other years. The inundated area rose up between 2000 and 2010 for the Poyang Lake, while the inundated area of the east Dongting Lake and the southwest Dongting Lake showed a clear downward trend. Within a year, the longest duration of fluctuation is up to 5-6 months during 2000-2010. The flood usually occurred from April to November, and is most frequent from June to August. Summer is a season with higher frequency of flooding.(2) Calculating the emerged depth every year. The results indicate that: the submerged depth of three Lakes (Poyang Lake, East Dongting Lake and Southwest Lake) concentrated in 0-2m, and the area of the submerged depth between 0-6m in Poyang Lake and East Dongting Lake has a downward trend, the area of the submerged depth between 0-2m in Southwest Dongting Lake rose up, but it has a downward trend between 2-6m.(3) Evaluating the loss of land use and population. The results indicate that: Paddy fields and dry land is the most serious affected land type in three lake regions, the affected area of paddy fields and dry land in Poyang Lake region rose up, the affected area of paddy fields in East Dongting Lake and Southwest Dongting Lake has a downward trend, yet the affected area of dry land has a upward trend. In Poyang Lake region, Paddy fields in Yugan County, Duchang County, Boyang County is more serious than other counties, and dry land in Boyang County, Duchang County, Jinxian County, Xingzi County is more serious than other counties; In East Dongting Lake region, Paddy fields in Huarong County, Yueyang County, Yueyang City, Yuanjiang City is more serious than other counties, and dry land in Yueyang County, Yueyang City is more serious than other counties; In Southwest Dongting Lake region, Paddy fields in Yuanjiang City, Hanshou County, Xiangyin County is more serious than other counties, and dry land in Yuanjiang City, Hanshou County is more serious than other counties; In Poyang Lake region, the number of affected population in 2010 is larger than other years, and the number of affected population in Boyang County is larger than other counties; In East Dongting Lake region, the number of affected population in 2009 is larger than other years, and the number of affected population in Yueyang City is larger than other counties; In Southwest Dongting Lake region, the number of affected population in 2005 is larger than other years, and the number of affected population in Hanshou County is larger than other counties.更多还原